Bernd Heine is Emeritus Professor at the Institute of African Studies and Egyptology, University of Cologne. His main research areas are grammaticalization theory, endangered languages in Africa, and discourse grammar. His publications include more than 40 books and over 200 articles.
1. The development of discourse markers: an introduction; 2. Concepts of analysis; 3. English discourse markers; 4. French discourse markers; 5. Japanese discourse markers; 6. Korean discourse markers; 7. Discourse markers in language contact; 8. Discussion; 9. Conclusions.