Mahmoud Pargoo is a Research Fellow at Alfred Deakin Institute at Deakin University in Melbourne-Australia and a former visiting lecturer at the University of Sydney. He received his Ph.D. in Social and Political Thought from Institute for Social Justice at Australian Catholic University in 2019.

Introduction; 1. Theoretical Framework; 2. The Age of the 'Imam'; 3. The Era of Reconstruction and Reform; 4. Ahmadinejad and Secularization: Rupture or Continuity?; 5. Consolidation of Secularity; Conclusion; Appendix: Presidential Elections in a Nutshell.