BRUCE B. LAWRENCE is Marcus Family Humanities Distinguished Professor of Religion Emeritus at Duke University and Adjunct Professor of the Alliance of Civilizations Institute, Ibn Haldun University in Istanbul. His research focuses on contemporary Islam as religious ideology, south Asian Sufism, and Islamicate cosmopolitanism.

Acknowledgments ix
Preamble xii
Overview: A Manifesto in Three Words and Six Chapters xv
1 Tracing Islamicate Cosmopolitan Spirit Across Time and Space 1
2 Eastward Into India 8
3 Westward Into Spain 22
4 Premodern Afro-Eurasia 46
5 Persianate Culture Across the Indian Ocean 66
6 Islamicate Cosmopolitan Spirit Beyond 2020 92
Conclusion 121
Bibliography 125
Index 142