Joel D. Irish is Professor of Bioarchaeology in the Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, at Liverpool John Moores University, UK, and Professor Emeritus in the Anthropology Department at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. His research focuses on dental nonmetric and odontometric variation to estimate biological affinity in recent humans and fossil hominins.
G. Richard Scott is Foundation Professor of Anthropology at the University of Nevada Reno, and Professor Emeritus at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, where he taught for 24 years. He has published widely on issues relating to tooth crown and root morphology and biological affinity.

Notes on Contributors viii
Foreword xv
Acknowledgments xviii
Part I Context 1
1 Introduction to Dental Anthropology 3
Joel D. Irish and G. Richard Scott
2 A Brief History of Dental Anthropology 7
G. Richard Scott
Part II Dental Evolution 19
3 Origins and Functions of Teeth: From "Toothed" Worms to Mammals 21
Peter S. Ungar
4 The Teeth of Prosimians, Monkeys, and Apes 37
Frank P. Cuozzo
5 The Hominins 1: Australopithecines and Their Ancestors 52
Lucas K. Delezene
6 The Hominins 2: The Genus Homo 67
Maria Martinon-Torres and Jose Maria Bermudez de Castro
Part III The Human Dentition 85
7 Terms and Terminology Used in Dental Anthropology 87
Joel D. Irish
8 Anatomy of Individual Teeth and Tooth Classes 94
Loren R. Lease
9 The Masticatory System and Its Function 108
Peter W. Lucas
Part IV Dental Growth and Development 121
10 An Overview of Dental Genetics 123
Toby Hughes, Grant Townsend, and Michelle Bockmann
11 Odontogenesis 142
Edward F. Harris
12 Tooth Eruption and Timing 159
Helen M. Liversidge
13 Tooth Classes, Field Concepts, and Symmetry 172
Grant Townsend, Alan Brook, Robin Yong, and Toby Hughes
Part V Dental Histology from the Inside Out 189
14 The Pulp Cavity and Its Contents 191
Scott S. Legge and Anna M. Hardin
15 Dentine and Cementum Structure and Properties 204
Nancy Tang, Adeline Le Cabec, and Daniel Antoine
16 Enamel Structure and Properties 223
Daniel Antoine and Simon Hillson
Part VI Dental Morphometric Variation in Populations 245
17 Identifying and Recording Key Morphological (Nonmetric) Crown and Root Traits 247
G. Richard Scott, Christopher Maier and Kelly Heim
18 Assessing Dental Nonmetric Variation among Populations 265
Joel D. Irish
19 Measurement of Tooth Size (Odontometrics) 287
Brian E. Hemphill
20 Assessing Odontometric Variation among Populations 311
Brian E. Hemphill
Part VII Dental Morphometric Variation in Individuals 337
21 Forensic Odontology 339
Heather J.H. Edgar and Anna L.M. Rautman
22 Estimating Age, Sex, and Individual ID from Teeth 362
Christopher W. Schmidt
23 Indicators of Idiosyncratic Behavior in the Dentition 377
Christopher M. Stojanowski, Kent M. Johnson, Kathleen S. Paul, and Charisse L. Carver
24 Dentition, Behavior, and Diet Determination 396
Kristin L. Krueger
Part VIII Dental Health and Disease 413
25 Crown Wear: Identification and Categorization 415
Scott E. Burnett
26 Caries: The Ancient Scourge 433
Daniel H. Temple
27 Dental Stress Indicators from Micro- to Macroscopic 450
Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg
28 A Host of Other Dental Diseases and Disorders 465
Greg C. Nelson
Part IX The Future of Dental Anthropology 485
29 New Directions in Dental Development Research 487
John P. Hunter and Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg
30 Chemical and Isotopic Analyses of Dental Tissues 499
Louise T. Humphrey
31 Non-Invasive Imaging Techniques 514
Jose Braga
Index 528

Companion to Dental Anthropology presents a collection of original readings addressing all aspects and sub-disciplines of the field of dental anthropology from its origins and evolution through to the latest scientific research. Represents the most comprehensive coverage of all sub-disciplines of dental anthropology available today Features individual chapters written by experts in their specific area of dental research Includes authors who also present results from their research through case studies or voiced opinions about their work Offers extensive coverage of topics relating to dental evolution, morphometric variation, and pathology