Rethinking Pragmatism explores the work of the American Pragmatists, particularly James and Dewey, challenging entrenched readings of their views on truth, instrumentalism, realism, pluralism, and religious beliefs. Schwartz takes James's work as the basis for his discussion. His detailed commentary on James's Pragmatism, which Schwartz uses as a scaffold for rethinking pragmatic themes and arguments more generally, looks ahead rather than back. In terms that have significant implications for current philosophical controversies, Rethinking Pragmatism explains why the Pragmatists rejected meanings, fixed reference, and metaphysical necessity, but did not reject theoretical entities.

Most significantly, it provides a perspective on the pragmatic theory of truth that shows, for example, why James readily admits that truth is "agreement with reality," and why Dewey praises Tarski's work on truth as a breakthrough in semantic theory. Schwartz also links the Pragmatists' reasons for rejecting nineteenth-century positivism to twentieth-century challenges to logical positivism. The result is a book that coherently unfolds James's work, while demonstrating the contemporary relevance of the American Pragmatists' ideas and arguments to debates about the nature of inquiry, language, and reality.

Robert Schwartz is Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. He has taught at Rockefeller University and CUNY and has been a visiting professor at, amongst others, Harvard University, the University of Chicago, and the University of Pennsylvania. He is the author of Vision: Variations on Some Berkeleian Themes (Blackwell, 1994) and Visual Versions (MIT Press, 2006) and the editor of Perception (Blackwell, 2004). He has published numerous articles developing pragmatic approaches to issues in epistemology, language, metaphysics, and the philosophy of science. 

Acknowledgments viii

Bibliographic Key ix

Introduction 1

Background Themes 9

1 The Place of Values in Inquiry (Lecture I) 15

2 The Pragmatic Maxim and Pragmatic Instrumentalism (Lecture II) 31

3 Substance and Other Metaphysical Claims (Lecture III) 52

4 Materialism, Physicalism, and Reduction (Lecture IV) 67

5 Ontological Commitment and the Nature of the Real (Lecture V) 78

6 Pragmatic Semantics and Pragmatic Truth (Lecture VI) 92

7 Worldmaking (Lecture VII) 124

8 Belief, Hope, and Conjecture (Lecture VIII) 140

Bibliography 157

Index 163