Isabelle La Jeunesse, PhD HDR, is Lecturer in Environmental Geography at the University of Tours and the laboratory CNRS Citeres, Tours, France. Her research focuses on the impacts of human activities on geochemical cycles and on local adaptation to global changes.

Corinne Larrue, PR, is full Professor of Urban and Environmental Planning at the Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France, and was co-director of the Paris School of Planning, one of the most important institutes for urban planning in France. She was also Chairwoman of the scientific committee of Seine Normandie Waterboard.

Provides an understanding of the relationship between social-ecological systems and multilevel governance so that readers can properly deal with hydrometeorological extreme events and hazards
Based on field investigations from EU research projects, this book is the first to devote itself to scientific and policy-related knowledge concerning climate change-induced extreme events. It depicts national and international strategies, as well as tools used to improve multilevel governance for the management of hydrometeorological risks. It also demonstrates how these strategies play out over different scales of the decision-making processes.
Facing Hydrometeorological Extreme Events: A Governance Issue offers comprehensive coverage of such events as floods, droughts, coastal storms, and wind storms. It showcases real-life success stories of multilevel governance and highlights the individuals involved and the resources mobilized in the decision-making processes. The book starts by presenting a synthesis of hydrometeorological extreme events and their impacts on society. It then demonstrates how societies are organizing themselves to face these extreme events, focusing on the strategies of integration of risk management in governance and public policy. In addition, it includes the results of several EU-funded projects such as CLIMB, STARFLOOD, and INTERREG IVB project DROP.
* The first book dedicated to hydrometeorological extreme events governance based on field investigations from EU research projects
* Offers a "multi-hazards" approach--mixing policy, governance, and field investigations' main outputs
* Features the results of EU-funded projects addressing hydrometeorological extreme events
* Part of the Hydrometeorological Extreme Events series
Facing Hydrometeorological Extreme Events is an ideal book for upper-graduate students, postgraduates, researchers, scientists, and policy-makers working in the field.

List of Contributors xvii
Editors xxi
The Series Editor xxiii
Series Preface xxv
Part I: Introduction 1
1 Governance Challenges Facing Hydrometeorological Extreme Events 3
Isabelle La Jeunesse and Corinne Larrue
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Facing hydrometeorological extreme events 3
1.3 Floods 5
1.4 Drought 8
1.5 Coastal storms 11
1.6 Governance issues related to hydrometeorological extreme events 15
Notes 19
References 20
2 Overview of the Content of the Book 23
Isabelle La Jeunesse and Corinne Larrue
2.1 Floods 24
2.2 Droughts 24
2.3 Coastal storms 24
Part II: Floods 27
II.1: Actors Involved in Flood Risk Management 29
3 European Actors Facing Floods Risks 31
Thomas Schellenberger
3.1 European actors in the field of civil security: A competence which develops within a strict framework of cooperation between the Member States 32
3.2 European actors in the field of the environment: Powers that are paradoxically limited 34
3.3 European actors in the field of agriculture: Could there be specific powers to deal with floods? 37
3.4 Conclusion 39
Notes 39
References 40
4 Multi-actor, Multilevel Assessment of Social Capacity for Community Engagement in Flood Risk Preparedness: Results of Implementation in Five European Cases 41
Lila Oriard Colin
4.1 Introduction 41
4.2 Social capacity building framework for community engagement 44
4.3 The capacity assessment tool 46
4.4 Indicators and case findings 47
4.5 Conclusions 52
References 53
II.2: Strategies, Instruments, and Resources Used to Face Floods 55
5 Flood Risks Perceptions and Goals/Ambitions 57
Ann Crabbé
5.1 Introduction 57
5.2 The problem stream: Perceptions on increased flood risks 58
5.3 The policy stream: Perceptions on the solutions needed to deal with increased flood risks 60
5.4 The political stream: Willingness to take action 62
5.5 International policies 63
5.6 European directives and policy documents 64
5.7 Experiences with flood risk management in other countries 65
5.8 Research on impacts and adaptation 65
5.9 Economic costs (of inaction) 65
5.10 Facilitating factors 66
5.11 Factors contributing to agenda-setting 66
5.12 Conclusions 66
Note 68
References 68
6 Instruments for Strategies to Face Floods through Prevention, Mitigation, and Preparation in Europe: The Age of Alignment 71
Mathilde Gralepois
6.1 Introduction 71
6.2 Conceptual framework 75
6.3 Comparison. Similarities and differences in flood instruments' implementation in Europe 77
6.4 Discussion. Political effects, power relations, and governance choices in flood management: What do flood instruments teach? 86
6.5 Conclusion 94
Notes 94
References 95
II.3: Lessons from Cases of Flood Governance 99
7 A House of Cards: The Challenge of Establishing Societal Resilience to Flooding Through Multi-Layered Governance in England 101
Meghan Alexander and Sally Priest
7.1 Introduction 101
7.2 Deciphering multi-layered governance 102
7.3 Methodology 103
7.4 Flood-risk governance and implications for societal resilience 105
7.5 Reflections on the 'house of cards' of flood risk governance 110
Notes 111
References 111
8 Understanding Dutch Flood-Risk Management: Principles and Pitfalls 115
Mark Wiering
8.1 Introduction 115
8.2 Historical background 116
8.3 The concept of public interest 117
8.4 Solidarity and subsidiarity 117
8.5 Resilience 120
8.6 Challenges and pitfalls 120
8.7 Conclusion and recommendations 121
References 123
9 Flood Governance in France: From Hegemony to Diversity in the French Flood-Risk Management Actors' Network 125
Marie Fournier
9.1 Flood-risk management governance: A stakeholders' network still dominated by central government and municipalities 126
9.2 Inter-municipalities as new players within the French FRM governance 131
9.3 Where are citizens in FRM? 134
9.4 Conclusion 138
Notes 138
References 139
10 Flood-Risk Governance in Belgium: Towards a Resilient, Efficient, and Legitimate Arrangement? 141
Hannelore Mees
10.1 Introduction 141
10.2 Evaluation framework 142
10.3 Methods 144
10.4 Flood risk governance in Belgium 144
10.5 Comparing intra-state developments 145
10.6 Evaluating resilience, efficiency, and legitimacy 149
10.7 Conclusion 152
Notes 153
References 153
Part III: Droughts 157
III.1: Actors Involved in Drought Risk Management 159
11 European Actors and Institutions Involved in Water Scarcity and Drought Policy 161
Ulf Stein and Ruta Landgrebe
11.1 Introduction 161
11.2 Actors in the European Union related to WS&D policy 162
11.3 Roles and powers of European actors and institutions involved in WS&D policy 163
11.4 Mapping European actors and institutions involved in WS&D policy 165
11.5 Discussion 167
11.6 Conclusion 169
References 169
12 National and Local Actors of Drought Governance in Europe: A Comparative Review of Six Cases from North-West Europe 171
Gül Özerol
12.1 Introduction 171
12.2 Methodology 172
12.3 Assessment of the national and local actors of drought governance 174
12.4 Conclusions and recommendations 182
References 186
III.2: Strategies, Instruments, and Resources Used to Face Droughts 189
13 Awareness of Drought Impacts in Europe: The Cause or the Consequence of the Level of Goal Ambitions? 191
Isabelle La Jeunesse
13.1 Introduction 191
13.2 Drought governance analysis based on two methodological approaches 192
13.3 Case studies in NWE 194
13.4 Case studies in the Mediterranean region 196
13.5 Drought perceptions and goal ambitions in NWE 197
13.6 Drought perceptions and goal ambitions in the Mediterranean region 198
13.7 Conclusions 199
Acknowledgements 201
References 201
14 Strategies and Instruments to Face Drought and Water Scarcity 203
Hans Bressers, Nanny Bressers, and Stefan Kuks
14.1 Introduction 203
14.2 Reactive measures 205
14.3 Preventive measures 208
14.4 Adaptive measures 210
14.5 Supportive measures 212
14.6 Discussion and overview 215
References 217
III.3: Lessons from Cases of Droughts Governance 219
15 Multilevel Governance for Drought Management in Flanders: Using a Centralized and Data Driven Approach 221
Jenny Tröltzsch
15.1 Introduction 221
15.2 Water management in Flanders 222
15.3 Past and future drought events 224
15.4 Governance dimensions for Flemish drought management 225
15.5 Summary and recommendations 229
Notes 231
References 231
16 Drought Governance in the Eifel-Rur Region: The Interplay of Fixed Frameworks and Strong Working Relationships 233
Rodrigo Vidaurre
16.1 Introduction 233
16.2 The water resources system in the Eifel-Rur region 234
16.3 Beyond the water board: The role of other governance levels in Eifel-Rur's water management 236
16.4 The drought perspective on Eifel-Rur's water governance 237
16.5 Conclusions: Factors for current and future success 241
Notes 243
References 244
17 Adaptation of Water Management to Face Drought and Water Scarcity: Lessons Learned from Two Italian Case Studies 245
Claudia Cirelli and Isabelle La Jeunesse
17.1 Introduction 245
17.2 Water management in Italy and the autonomous regime 246
17.3 The Rio Mannu catchment 248
17.4 The Noce catchment 249
17.5 Comparative analysis and discussion 251
17.6 Conclusions 256
Acknowledgements 257
Notes 258
References 258
18 Power Asymmetries, Migrant Agricultural Labour, and Adaptation Governance in Turkey: A Political Ecology of Double Exposures 261
Ethemcan Turhan, Giorgos Kallis, and Christos Zografos
18.1 Introduction 261
18.2 Double Exposures and political ecology of vulnerability 263
18.3 Case study and methods 265
18.4 A political ecology of Double Exposure in Kap1 village 268
18.5 Discussion 273
18.6 Conclusion 275
Acknowledgements 276
Notes 276
References 277
19 Drought Governance in Catalonia: Lessons Learnt? 283
Alba Ballester and Abel La Calle
19.1 Introduction 283
19.2 Drought management in Spain 284
19.3 Drought management in Catalonia 287
19.4 Drought crisis in Catalonia 2007-2008 289
19.5 Drought planning in Catalonia after the crisis 296
19.6 Deliberative public participation in drought management: Need, obligation, and opportunity 298
19.7 Conclusions 299
Notes 299
References 299
20 What Could Change Drought Governance in Europe?: A Comparative Analysis between Two Case Studies in France and the UK 301
Isabelle La Jeunesse, Hans Bressers, and Alison Browne
20.1 Introduction 301
20.2 Vilaine catchment and Arzal dam 302
20.3 Somerset Levels and moors 303
20.4 Methodology 303
20.5 Results and discussion 306
20.6 Conclusions 310
Acknowledgements 311
References 311
Part IV: Coastal and Wind Storms 313
IV.1: Actors Involved in Coastal Risks Prevention and Management 315
21 Sustainable Communities and Multilevel Governance in the Age of Coastal Storms 317
Yves Henocque
21.1 Introduction: Addressing a social-ecological system 317
21.2 Harmonizing coastal management, disaster risk reduction, and climate change adaptation goals through meaningful public participation 318
21.3 As a response, are national climate change strategies efficient enough? 322
21.4 Key principles and responses for building sustainable, hazard-resilient communities 327
21.5 Conclusion: 'Hazard-resilient' communities vs. 'waves of adversity' 335
Notes 336
References 337
IV.2: Strategies, Instruments, and Resources Used to Face Coastal Risks Prevention 339
22 European Challenges to Coastal Management from Storm Surges: Problem-Structuring Framework and Actors Implicated in Responses 341
Suzanne Boyes and Michael Elliott
22.1 Storm surge threats in European coasts 341
22.2 European governance 346
22.3 Discussion and conclusions 354
22.4 Conclusions 357
References 358
23 Perceptions of Extreme Coastal Events: The Case of the French Atlantic and Mediterranean Coasts 363
Lydie Goeldner-Gianella and Esmeralda Longépée
23.1 Contemporary society is increasingly unaware of risks related to the sea 365
23.2 Multiple factors behind the gradual dwindling of the 'culture of coastal risks' 374
23.3 What recommendations for public policy emerge from this research into the perceptions and representations of risks? 382
23.4 Conclusion 387
Acknowledgements 387
Notes 387
References 388
IV.3: Lessons from Cases of Coastal Risks Governance 391
24 After Xynthia on the Atlantic Coast of France: Preventive Adaptation Methods 393
Denis Mercier, Axel Creach, Elie Chevillot-Miot, and Sophie Pardo
24.1 Introduction 393
24.2 A normal storm in terms of natural hazard but a major coastal flood due to the concomitance of the meteorological and marine agents 394
24.3 A tragic human and expensive material toll due to the addition of natural factors and management issues 396
24.4 Post-Xynthia policy: A new strategy for coastal management in France 397
24.5 Life-saving maps: New geographical tools for a better coastal management 400
24.6 Discussion about these different methods 405
24.7 Conclusion 407
Acknowledgements 408
References 408
25 Coastal Flooding and Storm Surges: How to Improve the Operational Response of the Risk Management Authorities: An Example of the CRISSIS Research Program on the French Coast of Languedoc 413
Brice Anselme, Paul Durand, and Alexandre Nicolae-Lerma
25.1 Introduction 413
25.2 The coastal flood hazard and its likely evolution 417
25.3 Vulnerability of the stakes 420
25.4 Social representations and perceptions of the coastal flooding risk 423
25.5 Crisis management 425
25.6 Conclusion 428
References 430
26 Lessons Learnt from Coastal Risks Governance on Reunion Island, Indian Ocean, France 433
Virginie K.E. Duvat and Alexandre K. Magnan
26.1 Introduction 433
26.2 Context of the study 435
26.3 Impacts of TC Bejisa and post-cyclone stakeholders' responses 442
26.4 Key findings and challenges for adaptation to climate change 452
26.5 Conclusion 455
Acknowledgements 457
References 457
27 Lessons from Cases of Coastal Risks Governance in the United Kingdom 461
Brian Golding, Thomas Waite, and Virginia Murray
27.1 Introduction: Windstorms and their impacts in the UK 461
27.2 Events that have shaped governance of natural disasters in the UK 464
27.3 New developments in the warning environment 471
27.4 How the warning systems work now 473
27.5 Current and future issues 477
References 479
Part V: Conclusions, Perspectives 483
28 Hydrometeorological Extreme Events' Effects on Populations: A Cognitive Insight on Post-Traumatic Growth, Resilience Processes and Mental Well-Being 485
Mauro Galluccio
28.1 Introduction 485
28.2 Resilient ecological systems for a psychological concept 487
28.3 Psychosocial factors and post-traumatic growth 487
28.4 Building resilience to mitigate social vulnerability 488
28.5 Post-traumatic growth: Training for preventive psychological strategies 490
28.6 Modern initiatives to coordinate a global governance 491
28.7 The EU coordination to build up integrated resilient governance to decrease impacts on health and wellbeing due to hydrometeorological extreme events 494
28.8 Elements of conclusion 495
References 496
29 Overview of Multilevel Governance Strategies for Hydrometeorological Extreme Events 499
Corinne Larrue and Isabelle La Jeunesse
29.1 Governance specificities depending on hydrometeorological extreme events 500
29.2 Actor systems facing hydrometeorological extreme events 502
29.3 Perception and strategies 504
Note 504
Index 505