Loreto Corredoira is Professor of Communication Law at Complutense University in the School of Communication and Jean Monnet Chair in Audiovisual Media Heritage. She is co-Principal Investigator of the R&D Project Guarantees against disinformation in electoral processes. Cibersecurity and other information disorders in Social Network which has studied Cyberlaw in Spain since 1998.
Ignacio Bel is Professor of Communication Law at Complutense University and Professor of Communication Ethics at CEU-San Pablo and the IEB. He is the President of the International Forum of Communication Law and Ethics (FIEDI). He served for 25 years as Director of Communication at the IESE Business School at the University of Navarra in Madrid.
Rodrigo Cetina Presuel is a Researcher at the Institute for Global Law and Policy at Harvard law School where he conducts research about how private entities shape the digital public communication sphere. He is the United States East Coast Ambassador of IAMCR and co-Chair of the IAMCR Law section. He has taught Communication at Lasell University and Emerson College.

Preface viii
Monroe E. Price
Introduction 1
Rodrigo Cetina Presuel and Loreto Corredoira
Part I Communication Rights: Principles 7
1. Freedom as the Essential Basis for Communication Rights 9
Ignacio Bel Mallén
2. Dignity, a Revolutionary Principle in a Cosmopolitan Society 20
Javier Gomá Lanzón
3. Communication Rights in an Internet-Based Society: Why Is the Principle of Universality So Important? 30
Loreto Corredoira
4. Communication Rights in the United Nations System: From Declarations to "Soft Law" 47
Leopoldo Abad Alcalá
5. Universality vs. Standardization: The Privatization of Communication Rights on Social Media 57
Rodrigo Cetina Presuel
6. United States and International Communication Rights Frameworks and the Pursuit of Global Consensus 75
Erik Ugland
Part II Communication Rights: A Study of Subjects and Messages 87
7. Communication Rights and Their Messages: News, Opinions, Ideas, and Advertising 89
Ignacio Bel Mallén
8. Subjects of Communication Rights: A Special Study of Minors 100
Isabel Serrano Maíllo
9. News: Objectivity and Truth 111
Justino Sinova
10. Journalists, Confidentiality, and Sources 121
Lorenzo Cotino Hueso
11. Addressing the Risks of Harms Caused by Disinformation: European vs. US Approaches to Testing the Limits of Dignity and Freedom of Expression Online 135
Divina Frau-Meigs
12. The Law and Ethics of Journalism in a Changing World: New Professional Realities and Challenges for Communication Professionals 147
Fernando Gutiérrez Atala
Part III Studies in Comparative Communication Law 157
13. Data Protection as a Limit to Communication Rights: A General Vision of Data Protection in Europe 159
José Martínez Soria
14. Regulation of Internet Intermediaries and Communication Rights 172
Joan Barata
15. Imperiling Community Memory: The European Right to be Forgotten's Tampering of Search Engine Results 185
Kristie Byrum
16. The Crime of Historical Denialism as a Limit to the Freedom of Expression 195
Germán M. Teruel Lozano
17. Hate Speech in the United States and Abroad: Finding Common Ground 205
Chris Demaske
18. Political Communication and Electoral Campaigns in Europe: The Search for International Standards 217
Rafael Rubio
19. One Servant Cannot Serve Two Masters: A Struggle for Divided Loyalties of Media Regulation in Hong Kong 228
Grace Leung and Richard Wu
20. Latin American Thinking in Communication and Advances in Communication Rights 241
Rolando Guevara-Martínez
21. Media Disorder and the Future of Journalism: International Developments and the Challenge of WikiLeaks 253
Jane Johnston and Anne Wallace
Part IV At the Intersection of Law and Ethics: Challenges in the Age of Algorithms, Disinformation, and Post-Truth 265
22. Public Communication and Sustainability in a Post-Truth Era 267
María José Canel
23. Freedom of Expression in Social Networks and Doxing 279
Pedro Anguita R
24. The Emerging Threat of Synthetic Media: A Consideration of Journalists' Responsibilities 292
Muira Nicollet McCammon
25. Journalism Routines Depend on Clicks: Best Practices for Using Metrics in Journalism 303
Mariza Zapata Vásquez
26. Epilogue 315
Ignacio Bel Mallén and Marisa Aguirre Nieto
Index 319