Barry Hill has been a registered nurse for 17 years and is skilled in acute and critical care. He worked in general, cardiac and neuro trauma ICU at Imperial College NHS trust and progressed from staff nurse to a surgical matron. Barry began working as a clinical mentor in intensive care nursing in 2006 and has worked in Higher Education teaching both undergraduate and postgraduate students since 2014. His key areas of interest are acute and critical care, clinical skills, pharmacology, and advanced level practice. Barry has published widely in journals and books and is a Senior Fellow with the Higher Education Academy.
Sadie Diamond Fox qualified as an adult nurse in 2008 and has worked in various critical care departments since. During this time, she progressed from Registered Nurse to her current specialist roles as an Advanced Critical Care Practitioner, non-medical prescriber and Senior Lecturer. Sadie has various national links and responsibilities within the field of advanced practice. She is co-founder and co-lead for Advanced Clinical Practice Academic Network (ACPAN), Intensive Care Society (ICS) Council Member and chair for the ICS Advanced Practitioners in Critical Care Professional Advisory Group.

Contributors ix
Preface xii
Part 1 Advanced clinical practice 1
1 Introducing advanced clinical practice 2
2 Scope of practice 4
3 Professional, legal and ethical considerations of advanced practice 6
4 Advancing to consultant- level practice 8
5 Transitioning to advanced practice 10
6 Continuing professional development and lifelong learning 12
7 Consultation models 14
Part 2 Advanced history taking and physical examination 17
8 Principles of history taking and physical examination skills 18
9 Principles of diagnostic testing and clinical decision making 20
10 The psychiatric interview: mental health history taking and examination 22
11 History taking for patients who lack mental capacity 26
12 Dermatology history taking and physical examination 28
13 Neurological history taking and physical examination 32
14 Ear, nose and throat history taking and physical examination 36
15 Lymph node assessment 38
16 Endocrine history taking and physical examination 40
17 Respiratory history taking and physical examination 42
18 Cardiovascular history taking and physical examination 46
19 Abdominal history taking and physical examination 50
20 Genitourinary system history taking and physical examination 52
21 Musculoskeletal system history taking and physical examination 56
22 Dealing with difficult situations 60
Part 3 Advanced clinical interventions 63
23 Fundamental ultrasound skills 64
24 Lung ultrasound 66
25 Vascular ultrasound 68
26 Focused echocardiography 70
27 Central venous catheter and arterial catheter insertion 74
28 Pleural procedures 78
29 Radiology interpretation 82
30 The advanced practitioner's role in organ donation and transplantation 84
31 Verification of death 86
32 Home- based care, crisis response and rehabilitation 88
33 Frailty 90
34 Advanced practitioner- led inter- and intrahospital transfer 92
Part 4 Independent prescribing 95
35 Principles of pharmacology 96
36 Non- pharmacological and pharmacological interventions 98
37 Shared decision making 100
38 Prescribing practice and patient education 102
Part 5 Advanced clinical practice leadership and management 105
39 Leadership in healthcare settings 106
40 Leadership and management theories 108
41 Clinical leadership 110
42 Educational leadership 112
43 Research leadership 114
44 Improving quality of care 116
Part 6 Advanced clinical practice education 119
45 Exploring the challenges with advanced clinical practice education 120
46 Opportunities for advanced clinical practice education and associated support mechanisms 124
47 Education and learning theories 126
48 Simulated learning and decision- making theories 128
49 Integrating simulation and virtual reality into clinical practice education 130
50 The advanced practitioner as clinical educator and supervisor 132
Part 7 Advanced clinical practice research 135
51 Ethical and governance principles 136
52 Research design and methods 138
53 Critical appraisal skills 140
54 Audit and quality improvement sciences 142
55 From bench to bedside: integrating research into practice 144
References 146
Index 155