First Published in 1987. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Michael I. Handel is Professor of National Security Affairs and holder of the Henry L. Stimson Chair of Military Studies at the US Army War College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He is one of the founding editors of the quarterly journal Intelli­gence and National Security and organised the international conference on Intelligence and Military Operations at which the papers in this volume were first read. Among his publications are The Diplomacy of Surprise: Hitler, Nixon, Sadat (1981); Weak States in the international System (1981); and Clausewitz and Modern Strategy(1986).

Preface; Introduction: Strategic and Operational; Deception in Historical Perspective; Operation Starkey 1943: 'A Piece of Harmless Playacting'; German Misapprehensions Regarding Overlord: Understanding Failure in the Estimative Process; The Red Mask: The Nature and Legacy of Soviet Military Deception in the Second World War; American Strategic Deception in the Pacific, 1942-44; A German Perspective on Allied Deception Operations in the Second World War; The Success of Operation Fortitude: Hesketh's History of Strategic Deception