Clara Portela is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Singapore Management University, Singapore. Her research interests focuses on foreign policy of the European Union, international security, sanctions and arms control and disarmament.

This book examines sanctions as a political tool of influence and evaluates the efficacy of sanctions imposed by the European Union (EU) against countries from the early 1990s to present day.

1. Introduction 2. Sanctions and their Efficacy 3. EU Sanctions: Evolution, Legal Framework and Policy 4. What Determines the Efficacy of EU Sanctions? 5. The Efficacy of Sanctions Imposed under the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) 6. The Efficacy of 'Informal' Sanctions 7. The Efficacy of Development Aid Suspensions in the Context of the Partnership 8. Withdrawal of Trade Privileges under the Generalized System of Preferences 9. Sanctions Theory and the Efficacy of EU Sanctions: Some Fresh Air coming into the Sanctions Debate. Bibliography. Annex 1: Dataset of EU Sanctions Cases. Annex 2: Truth Table