Arguing that the defeat of ETA must be contextualised within the strategic evolution of Basque nationalism, the declining resonance of the radical message and the effectiveness of the Spanish counter-terrorist effort, this book is essential reading for students and scholars working in the areas of European politics, nationalism and terrorism studies.

Rafael Leonisio is Postdoctoral Researcher at the University of the Basque Country, Spain.

Fernando Molina is tenured Research Fellow at the University of the Basque Country, Spain.

Diego Muro is Assistant Professor at the Institut Barcelona d'Estudis Internacionals (IBEI), Spain.

Introduction

Part I: ETA and the Spanish State

1. The origins of ETA: between Francoism and democracy, 1958-1981

2. ETA during democracy, 1981-2014

3. Democratisation of the Spanish state: between extreme right-wing violence and police brutality (1978-1987)

4. Democratic Politics and the strength of the Rule of Law, 1992-2015

Part II: The Politics of Fear

5. Epic, memory and the making of an uncivil community

6. The practice of killing: perpetrators and accomplices

7. The impact of ethno-nationalist violence: Comparing the experiences of victims of ETA and paramilitaries in Northern Ireland

8. Between fear, indignation and indifference. Basque public opinion and socio-political behavior facing terrorism

Part III: Narratives and Memory

9. Historical narratives, violence and nation. Reconsidering 'The Basque conflict'

10. The battle for the past: Community, forgetting, democracy

11. Basque violence in the international academy

12. Conclusion