Victorians and Their Animals: Beast on a Leash, investigates the notion that British Victorians did see themselves as naturally dominant species over other humans and over animals. They conscientiously, hegemonically were determined to rule those beneath them and the animal within themselves albeit with varying degrees of success and failure.

Brenda Ayres teaches English for Liberty University in Lynchburg, Virginia, and has previously edited several collections of essays. The most recent is Biographical Misrepresentations of British Women Writers: A Hall of Mirrors and the Long Nineteenth Century (2017). Her latest monograph is Betwixt and Between: The Biographies of Mary Wollstonecraft (2017). She published her first article on animals in Victorian literature in The George Eliot-George Henry Lewes Newsletter (1991), titled "Dogs in George Eliot's Adam Bede." She began collecting information on the subject when she created a panel at the Southern Conference of British Studies in 2000 titled "Animals in Victorian Literature" and presented "The Iconization of Animals in Victorian Culture." Two years later she spoke on "Beast on a Leash: Victorian Dominion over the Animal Kingdom" at the Mid-Atlantic Popular Conference.

List of Figures

Preface and Acknowledgments

Introduction: Beast on a Leash

BRENDA AYRES

1 Gaskell's Activism and Animal Agency

BRENDA AYRES

2 Old and New Beef: Caring for Animals in Household Words

LIAM YOUNG

3 George Eliot's Use of Horses in Measuring the Moral Maturity of Characters in Her Novels

CONSTANCE M. FULMER

4 Pigs in Great Expectations: Class, Dehumanization, and Marxist Animal Studies

JESSICA KUSKEY

5 Ants, Insects, and Automatons: Classifying Creatures in Hardy's The Return of the Native

ANNA WEST

6 It's Raining Cats and Dogs in the Novels of George Eliot

BRENDA AYRES

7 A Fine Kettle of Fish: Cultural (and Culinary) Preservation in Anglo-Jewish Ghetto Stories

LINDSAY KATZIR

8 Gendered Metamorphoses in the Natural History Museum and Trans-Animality in Richard Marsh's The Beetle

PANDORA SYPEREK

9 The "Animality" of Speech and Translation in The Jungle Books

CHRISTIE HARNER

Notes on Contributors

Index