Henry Etzkowitz is Visiting Lecturer of Science, Technology and Society, Stanford University, USA; Visiting Professor, Birkbeck, University of London, UK; CEO/President, International Triple Helix Institute (ITHI), Palo Alto, California, USA; President, Triple Helix Association (THA), Rome, Italy; and Distinguished Expert, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China.

Chunyan Zhou is Director of International Triple Helix Institute (ITHI, www.triplehelix.net), USA; leading researcher, Institute of Science and Technology for Development of Shandong, and co-director, Innovation and Entrepreneurship Research Center, Academy of Science, Jinan, China.

The triple helix of university-industry-government interactions is a universal model of the development of the knowledge-based society, through innovation and entrepreneurship. Triple helix, the secret of an innovative region, may also be found in Statist or Laissez-faire societies, globally.

The Triple Helix as a universal innovation model can assist students, researchers, managers, entrepreneurs, and policymakers to understand the roles of university, industry, and government in forming and developing "an innovative region," which has self-renewal and sustainably innovative capacity.