This book offers a detailed history of how sports doctors across the twentieth century constructed the concept "doping" and used it to insert themselves into elite, international sport. It explains how the use of pharmacology became a normal part of training and shows that the concept of doping is far from simple.

Christophe Brissonneau is a researcher in the sociology department of the University of Paris Descartes, France. He holds a PhD in sport sciences from the University of Paris Ouest Nanterre and was a Fulbright scholar at the University of Colorado Colorado Springs. His research interests include sociological theory, socialisation, deviance, health, and ethics. His recent work has focused on elite sport, its medicalisation, and different types of doping careers in France from 1950 to 2000. He has also served as director of expertise on doping issues for the European Parliament and the European Commission. He has been interviewed in the national and international media, including Le Monde, Le Figaro, La 5, Itélé, and Europe 1. He also has contributed chapters to ten different edited volumes in French, English, and German

Jeffrey Montez de Oca is an Associate Professor in the sociology department at the University of Colorado Colorado Springs, USA. He holds a PhD in sociology from the University of Southern California. His past research focused on college football, media, and popular culture during the early Cold War, studied through the lens of citizenship and political economy. His current research primarily focuses on the National Football League's marketing strategies. His monograph Discipline and Indulgence: College Football, Media, and the American Way of Life During the Cold War won the 2014 North American Society for the Sociology of Sport Outstanding Book Award. His peer-reviewed research has also been published in numerous journals including Signs, American Studies, Sociology of Sport Journal, Popular Communication, American Behavioral Scientist, and the Journal of Historical Sociology

1. Introduction: When the Extraordinary Is Normal, Deviance Is Good 2. Sports Medicine and Creating the Definition of Doping 3. The Structural Ambivalence of Sports Medicine 4. Rationalism, Training and Medicine in Cycling, 1990-2000 5. Training Models and Pharmacology in Athletics, 1960-2000 6. Pharmacological Careers in Wrestling and Weightlifting, 1980s 7. Bodybuilding and The Freedom to Choose 8. New Anti-Doping Policies: New Careers in Cycling, 2003-2010 9. Conclusion