This book brings together scholarly treatments of cutting edge religious and spiritual trends, with contributions by representatives of Dudeism, the Church of All Worlds, the Temple of the Jedi Order, and Tolkien spirituality groups.

Carole M. Cusack is Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Sydney, Australia. She trained as a medievalist and her PhD was published as Conversion among the Germanic Peoples (1998). She now specialises in contemporary religious trends (pilgrimage and tourism, modern Pagan religions, NRMs, and religion and popular culture). Her books include Invented Religions: Imagination, Fiction and Faith (2010), The Sacred Tree: Ancient and Medieval Manifestations (2011) and (with Katharine Buljan) Anime, Religion, and Spirituality: Profane and Sacred Worlds in Contemporary Japan (2014). She has published widely in edited volumes and journals, and is the editor (with Christopher Hartney) of Religion and Retributive Logic: Essays in Honour of Garry W. Trompf (2010) and (with Alex Norman) of Handbook of New Religions and Cultural Production (2012).

Pavol Kosnác is an independent scholar based in Bratislava, Slovakia. He has studied Religious Studies at Comenius University, where he obtained his BA and MA, and political philosophy, jurisprudence and European culture at the Collegium of Anton Neuwirt (both in Bratislava). Afterwards he moved to England to continue his studies at the University of Oxford, completing an MSt in Study of Religion. He held a six-month placement at INFORM in London, then travelled extensively working as a freelance analyst for British, Slovak and Asian think-tanks. He plans to start a PhD next year. His academic background is mostly in sociology of religion, history of Christianity and Islam, and the study of new religious movements. He is interested especially in new and alternative religiosity, non-religiosity, the contemporary religious situation in Europe, and overlaps between religion, violence and war.

Introduction: Fiction, Invention, and Hyper-reality in New Religions and Spiritialities

Carole M. Cusack and Pavol Kosnác

Tolkien's Legendarium, the Elven Lineage, and the Internet

1. The Elven Path and the Silver Ship of the Valar: Two Spiritual Groups Based on J. R. R. Tolkien's Legendarium

Markus Davidsen

Tië eldaliévaReverend Michaele Alyras de Cygne and Calantirniel

Ilsaluntë Valion

Gwineth

2. Spirituality and Self-Realisation as 'Other-Than-Human': The Otherkin and Therianthropy Communities

Carole M. Cusack

3. Salvation and Animation: Religion, Fandom, and Identity in the Romantic Narratives of Mystics and Soulbonders

Venetia Laura Delano Robertson

4. The Development of Spirituality in the Brony Community

Pavol Kosnác

Film and Television as Sacred Texts

5. Spirituality Struck: Anime and Religio-Spiritual Devotional Practices

Katharine Buljan

6. Jediism and the Temple of the Jedi Order

The Temple of the Jedi Order

7. Virtual Knights and Synthetic Realms: Jediism in Second Life

Helen Farley

8. A Brief History of Dudeism

Oliver Benjamin

9. Diego Maradona and the Psychodynamics of Football Fandom in International Cinema

Marcus Free

Online Mediation of Invented, Fiction-Based, and Hyper-real Religions

10. "Discordians Stick Apart": The Institutional Turn Within Contemporary Discordianism

J. Christian Greer

11. SubGenius vs The Conspiracy: Playfulness and Sincerity in Invented Religions

David G. Robertson

12. Kopimism and Media Devotion: Piracy, Activism, Art, and Critique as Religious Practice

Danielle L. Kirby and Elisha H. McIntyre

13. Beyond Belief: Revival in Virtual Worlds

William Sims Bainbridge

Countercultural Personal Spiritualities and Religions

14. African-American Ufology in the Music and Mythos of Sun Ra

Johanna J. M. Petsche

15. The Church of All Worlds

Oberon Zell

16. An Implicit Hyper-real Religion: Real-Life Superheroes

Adam Possamai and Vladislav Iouchkov