Over the past decade, research and theory on heroism and heroic leadership has greatly expanded, providing new insights on heroic behavior. The Handbook of Heroism and Heroic Leadership brings together new scholarship in this burgeoning field to build an important foundation for further multidisciplinary developments. In its three parts, "e;Origins of Heroism,"e; "e;Types of Heroism,"e; and "e;Processes of Heroism,"e; distinguished social scientists and researchers explore topics such as morality, resilience, courage, empathy, meaning, altruism, spirituality, and transformation. This handbook provides a much-needed consolidation and synthesis for heroism and heroic leadership scholars and graduate students.

Scott T. Allison is Professor of Psychology at the University of Richmond. He has published numerous books and articles on heroism, villainy, heroic leadership, and underdogs.

George R. Goethals holds the E. Claiborne Robins Distinguished Professorship in Leadership Studies at the University of Richmond and studies heroes and presidential leadership.

Roderick M. Kramer is the William R. Kimball Professor of Organizational Behavior at Stanford University and is the author or coauthor of more than a dozen academic books.

Setting the Scene: The Rise and Coalescence of Heroism Science Scott T. Allison, George R. Goethals, and Roderick M. Kramer

Part I: Origins of Heroism

1. Attributes and Applications of Heroes: A Brief History of Lay and Academic Perspectives Elaine L. Kinsella, Timothy D. Ritchie, and Eric R. Igou

2. Why Heroism Exists: Evolutionary Perspectives on Extreme Helping Sara Kafashan, Adam Sparks, Amanda Rotella, and Pat Barclay

3. Adaptive Foundations of Heroism: Social Heuristics Push Advantageous Everyday Ethical Behavior to Heroic Extremes Gordon T. Kraft-Todd and David G. Rand

4. The Evolution and Neurobiology of Heroism Stephanie D. Preston

5. Character Development and the Emergence of Heroic Leadership: Towards a Relational Developmental Systems-Based Model Kristina Schmid Callina, Richard M. Lerner, Ettya Fremont, Brian Burkhard, Danielle Stacey, and Shaobing Su

6. The Moral Character of Heroes Lawrence J. Walker

7. Why and How Groups Create Moral Heroes Ari Decter-Frain, Ruth Vanstone, and Jeremy A. Frimer

8. The Hero Organism: Advancing the Embodiment of Heroism Thesis in the 21^st Century Olivia Efthimiou

Part II: Types of Heroism

9. Everyday Heroes: Determinants of Moral Courage Anna Halmburger, Anna Baumert, and Manfred Schmitt

10. Heroism in Times of Crisis: Understanding Leadership during Extreme Events Zeno E. Franco

11. Holocaust Heroes: Heroic Altruism of Non-Jewish Moral Exemplars in Nazi Europe Stephanie Fagin-Jones

12. Heroism and Wisdom in Medicine Margaret Plews-Ogan, Justine E. Owens, Natalie May, and Monika Ardelt

13. Deviant Heroes and Social Heroism in Everyday Life: Activists and Artists Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Michael Condren, and Izabela Lebuda

14. To Become or Not to Become? Existential Courage and the Quest for Identity Roderick M. Kramer

15. Heroism in the Networked Society Dana Klisanin

16. A Training Program in Spiritually-Oriented Leadership: Inner Growth for Outer Change Elsa Lau, Sarah B. Sherman, and Lisa Miller

17. Career Development and a Sense of Calling: Contexts for Heroism Bryan J. Dik, Adelyn B. Shimizu, and William O'Connor

18. Underdogs as Heroes Joseph A. Vandello, Nadav Goldschmied, and Kenneth Michniewicz

19. Whistleblowers as Heroes: Fostering 'Quiet' Heroism in Place of the Heroic Whistleblower Stereotype A J Brown

Part III: Processes of Heroism

20. The Hero's Transformation Scott T. Allison and George R. Goethals

21. Moral Transformation: The Paths to Heroism, Villainy, and Victimhood Amelia Goranson and Kurt Gray

22. The Impact of Heroism on Heroes and Observers: Stories of Elevation and Personal Change Jeanne Nakamura and Laura Graham

23. Accidental and Purposeful Impediments to Heroism Craig D. Parks

24. Heroic Empathy: The Heart of Leadership Ronald H. Humphrey and Laural L. Adams

25. Heroic Leaders and Despotic Tyrants: How Power and Status Shape Leadership Anika Stuppy and Nicole L. Mead

26. The Intersection of Purpose and Heroism: A Study of Exemplars Kendall Cotton Bronk and Brian R. Riches

27. Heroism and the Pursuit of Meaning Jeffrey D. Green, Daryl R. Van Tongeren, Athena H. Cairo, and Nao Hagiwara

28. Psychopathy and Heroism: Unresolved Questions and Future Directions Brett A. Murphy, Scott O. Lilienfeld, and Ashley L. Watts

29. The Courage of One's Moral Convictions: Exploring the Two Sides of Heroism Ronnie Janoff-Bulman and Prerana Bharadwaj