The responsibility to protect (R2P) is at a crossroads, the latest in a journey that is only ten years old. The aim of this work is to link the present debates on the prevention of mass atrocities to R2P's normative prospects.

PART ONE: THE RESPONSIBILITY TO PREVENT: APPLYING DIVERSE TOOLS 1. Mediation and the prevention of mass atrocities, Eileen Babbitt 2. From coercive to protective tools: the evolution of targeted sanctions, Alexandra dos Rios and George A. Lopez 3. Monitoring and fact-finding by UN human rights mechanisms, Ekkehard Strauss 4. International criminal justice, Martin Mennecke PART TWO: THE RESPOSIBILITY TO REACT: VALUE ADDED IN THE FIRST DECADE 5. Brazil and R2P: responsibility while protecting, Monica Herz 6. India and R2P's burdens of dissent and accommodation, Kudrat Virk 7. Is China like the other permanent members? 8. governmental and academic debates on R2P, Liu Tiewa 9. South Africa and Nigeria: R2P as "every African is his brother's keeper", Adekeye Adebajo 10. Turkey and R2P: ambivalence in promoting human rights? Philip Robins 11. Flesh on doctrinal bones? the United States and R2P, Tom J. Farer and Claudia Fuentes Julio 12. R2P's unfinished journey, Mónica Serrano and Thomas G. Weiss

Mónica Serrano is Professor of International Relations at El Colegio de México, Senior Research Associate at the Centre for International Studies, Oxford University and a Senior Fellow at the Ralph Bunche Institute for International Studies, CUNY.

Thomas G. Weiss has been Presidential Professor of Political Science at The CUNY Graduate Center and Director of the Ralph Bunche Institute for International Studies since 1998.