Develops a new theory of 'identity' ecological modernization (EM), to analyse renewable history and policy development in many of the world's states which are leading the drive to install renewable energy. 'Identity EM' concerns how an industry has arisen allied to environmental NGOs to challenge the ascendancy of conventional energy technologies.

Introduction Revising Ecological Modernisation Theory Renewable Energy: a new identity and a new industry California- The Growth of a Renewables Industry USA: Consolidation of a Renewables Industry? Germany, Spain, UK, Australia and China Conclusion

DAVID TOKE Senior Lecturer at the Department of Political Science and International Studies, University of Birmingham, UK. He has written many publications and worked on funded projects. He wrote the report which started the drive for UK renewable feed-in tariffs and is now working on EU and ESRC funded projects involving renewable energy policy and politics.