This study explores two categories¿empire and citizenship¿that historians usually study separately. It does so with a unifying focus on racialization in the lives of outstanding women whose careers crossed national borders between 1880 and 1965. It puts an individual, intellectual, and female face on transnational phenomena.

What Comes Transnationally  A Kind of Privileged Character: Amanda Berry Smith and Race in Liberian Missions Unmaking Race: Gertrude Stein, the New Woman, and Susan B. Anthony ¡Adelante Hermanas de La Raza!: Josefina Silva de Cintrón and Puerto Rican Women's Feminismo  Becoming Mama Maida: Maida Springer in New York City and Africa  Failed Escapes and Impossible Homecomings