This volume relates to the first stage of the PRIVIREAL project regarding the implementation of the Data Protection Directive. It includes keynote papers addressing specific questions on the subject, and a report on both the general implementation of the Directive and the implementation in relation to medical research.

Deryck Beyleveld, Professor of Law, PRIVIREAL Director and founder of the Sheffield Institute of Biotechnological Law and Ethics, David Townend, Maastricht University, The Netherlands. Ségolène Rouillé-Mirza and Jessica Wright, PRIVIREAL Co-ordinating Co-Workers, Sheffield Institute of Biotechnological Law and Ethics, Department of Law, University of Sheffield, UK.

Contents: Introduction And Keynote Papers: Introduction, Deryck Beyleveld, Ségolène Rouillé-Mirza, David Townend and Jessica Wright; An overview of Directive 95/46/EC in relation to medical research, Deryck Beyleveld; The concept of privacy: an analysis of the EU directive on the protection of personal data, Mette Hartlev; Anonymization and pseudonymization: the legal framework at an European level, Carlos María Romeo-Casabona; The scope for exemptions for medical research, Herman Nys; The duty to provide information to the data subject: articles 10 and 11 of Directive 95/46/EC, Deryck Beyleveld; Overriding data subjects' rights in the public interest, David Townend; Genetic information and the data protection directive of the European union, Lasse A. Lehtonen. Report Framework And Comparative Studies: EU, Norway and the NAS law report framework, Deryck Beyleveld and David Townend; Comparative study on the implementation and effect of Directive 95/46/EC on data protection in Europe: general standards, Ségolène Rouillé-Mirza and Jessica Wright; Comparative study on the implementation and effect of Directive 95/46/EC on data protection in Europe: medical research, Ségolène Rouillé-Mirza and Jessica Wright; Index; List of cases.