In locating friendly fire in contemporary philosophy of religion, D.Z.Phillips shows that more harm can be done to religion by its philosophical defenders than by its philosophical despisers. Friendly fire is the result of an uncritical acceptance of empiricism and Phillips argues that we need to examine critically the claims that individual consciousness is the necessary starting point from which we have to argue: for the existence of an external world and the reality of God; that God is a person without a body, a pure consciousness; and that to assent to a religious belief is essentially to assign a truth value to a proposition independent of any confessional context. When these products of friendly fire are avoided we arrive at a new understanding of belief, trust, the soul, and refuse to say more or less than we know about the realities of human life in the service of religious apologetics.

D.Z. Phillips is Danforth Professor of Philosophy of Religion, Claremont Graduate University, USA and Emeritus Professor of Philosophy, University of Wales, Swansea, UK.

Contents: Preface; Philosophical method and friendly fire; The Cartesian circle of friends; Propositioning the friends; Must truths tally?; Saying scripture; On trusting intellectuals on trust; Who'll save the soul?; Saying more than we know; Saying less than we know; Index.