Hans Kummer
Translated by M. Ann Biederman-Thorson

Illustration Credits
Map of Study Area
Preface: Return to Red Rock
Acknowledgments
Introduction: The Hamadryas Baboon: A Desert Saint and Lecher 3
Ch. 1 The Zoo Baboons 23
Ch. 2 On to Ethiopia 56
Ch. 3 The One-Sided Marriage 98
Ch. 4 Tensions, Conventions, and Alliances among Males 144
Ch. 5 Life Histories 203
Ch. 6 Experts in a Thorny Land 250
Ch. 7 Anatomy of the Social Relationship 274
Ch. 8 The Net and the Sword 301
Ch. 9 The Eye of the Beholder 306
Ch. 10 Mahdi 309
Ch. 11 The Likely Evolution of Hamadryas Society: A Reconstruction and a Summary 313
Conclusion 319
Bibliography 325
Publications by Authors Outside the Hamadryas Project 325
Publications on the Hamadryas by the Zurich Group 329
Films 331
Index 333

In a tale that begins at a zoo in Zurich and takes us across the deserts of Ethiopia to the Asir Mountains in Saudi Arabia, Hans Kummer recreates the adventure and intellectual thrill of the early days of field research on primates. Just as Jane Goodall and Dian Fossey introduced readers to the fascinating lives of chimpanzees and gorillas, Kummer brings us face to face with the Hamadryas baboon. With their furry white mantles and gleaming red hindquarters, the Hamadryas appear frequently in the art of the ancient Egyptians--who may have interpreted the baboons' early morning grooming rituals as sun-worshiping rites. Back then, Hamadryas were thought to be incarnates of Thoth, the god of wisdom; today they are considered to have one of the most highly structured social systems among primates, very close, in some respects, to that of humans. In the 1960s, Kummer, after conflicts with nomadic warriors, managed to track down these elusive baboons near the Danakil Desert, and then followed them from dawn to dusk on their treks from one feeding place to another. His scientific account of this period reads like a travel memoir as he describes his encounters with the Hamadryas and the people with whom they share the desert. Winding his way through cliffs and stubble, Kummer records the baboons' social life, from the development of pair relationships to the way an entire group decides where to march each day. Much like the human nomads who cope with the harsh demands of the desert environment, the Hamadryas maintain a society that is strict and patriarchal in its details but multilayered and flexible in its largest units. We learn, for example, of the Hamadryas' respect for possession that protects family structure and of the cohesion among family leaders that lessens the threat of battle. At the same time, clear-cut personalities emerge from Kummer's account, drawing us into the life stories and power struggles of individual baboons. Whereas this rich detail holds many implications for natural scientists, the colorful way it comes to life makes for a compelling book bound to entertain and educate all readers.
Originally published in 1995.
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