Four Shin Buddhist thinkers reflect on their tradition's encounter with modernity.

Mark L. Blum is Professor of Japanese at the University at Albany, State University of New York. He is the author of The Origins and Development of Pure Land Buddhism: A Study and Translation of Gyōnen's Jōdo Hōmon Genrushō and the coeditor (with Shin'ya Yasutomi) of Rennyo and the Roots of Modern Japanese Buddhism. Robert F. Rhodes is Professor of Buddhist Studies at Ōtani University.