Do extreme, unethical governmental policies often produce results opposite to those intended? This book considers the ironic outcomes of recent global events and concludes that there is a 'rule of reverse results' at work. While not a hard and fast law, the rule points out the increased probability that a policy will backfire if it is immoral while ethical policies, even if extreme, are unlikely to produce reverse results. The issue here is that of increased likelihood but not of certainty.

1 ISRAEL 2WESTERN INTERVENTION IN MUSLIM STATES 3 CHINA AND RUSSIA 4 THE SECOND WORLD WAR 5 GENOCIDE 6 MASSACRES WITHOUT REVERSE RESULTS 7 FURTHER UNETHICAL POLICIES THAT HAVE NOT PRODUCED REVERSE RESULTS 8 PEACEMAKERS WITH POSITIVE RESULTS

Audrey Wells, Royal Holloway College, University of London, UK