Electrons, Neutrons and Protons in Engineering focuses on the engineering significance of electrons, neutrons, and protons. The emphasis is on engineering materials and processes whose characteristics may be explained by considering the behavior of small particles when grouped into systems such as nuclei, atoms, gases, and crystals.
This volume is comprised of 25 chapters and begins with an overview of the relation between science and engineering, followed by a discussion on the microscopic and macroscopic domains of matter. The next chapter presents the basic relations involving mechanics, electricity and magnetism, light, heat, and related subjects which are most significant in the study of modern physical science. Subsequent chapters explore the nucleus and structure of an atom; the concept of binding forces and binding energy; the configuration of the system of the electrons surrounding the atomic nucleus; physical and chemical properties of atoms; and the structure of gases and solids. The energy levels of groups of particles are also considered, along with the Schrödinger equation and electrical conduction through gases and solids. The remaining chapters are devoted to nuclear fission, nuclear reactors, and radiation.
This book will appeal to physicists, engineers, and mathematicians as well as students and researchers in those fields.

PrefaceAcknowledgementsEditor's PrefaceChapter 1. Relation between Science and EngineeringChapter 2. The Microscopic Domain 2.1. Microscopic and Macroscopic Domains 2.2. Particles of the Microscopic Domain 2.3. Interactions between Particles 2.4. Systems of Particles 2.5. Particle Volumes SummaryChapter 3. Some Basic Relations Introduction 3.1. System of Units 3.2. Force and Energy Relations 3.3. Electric Field Relations 3.4. Magnetic Field Relations 3.5. Gravitational Field Relations 3.6. Electromagnetic Waves 3.7. Differential EquationsChapter 4. The Nucleus Introduction 4.1. Structure 4.2. Nomenclature 4.3. Dimensions and Masses 4.4. Nuclear Forces 4.5. Binding Forces and Binding Energy Illustrated 4.6. Nuclear Binding Energy 4.7. Nuclear Types 4.8. Absorption, Fission, and Scattering Cross-section 4.9. Laws of Radioactive Decay 4.10. Chart of the Nuclides 4.11. Mass-energy RelationsChapter 5. Structure of the Atom Introduction 5.1. The Bohr-Rutherford Atom 5.2. One-electron Atoms 5.3. The Spectrum of Hydrogen 5.4. Limitations of the Bohr-Rutherford Model 5.5. Probability Density 5.6. Quantum Numbers 5.7. States of the Hydrogen Atom 5.8. Orbitals 5.9. More Complicated Atoms 5.10. Exclusion Principle and Uncertainty PrincipleChapter 6. Physical and Chemical Properties of Atoms Introduction 6.1. Structure and Nomenclature 6.2. The Shape of Atoms 6.3. Atomic Radii 6.4. The Periodic Table 6.5. Tendency to Fill Incompleted Shells 6.6. Ionizing Energy 6.7. ValenceChapter 7. Structure of Gases Introduction 7.1. General Characteristics of Gases 7.2. Temperature-Pressure-Velocity Relations 7.3. Distribution of Velocities 7.4. Length of Free Paths of Gas Particles 7.5. Behavior within the MoleculeChapter 8. Binding Forces and Binding Energy Introduction 8.1. The Union of Two Particles 8.2. van der Waals Bonds 8.3. Covalent Bonds 8.4. Ionic Bonds 8.5. Metallic Bonding 8.6. Chemical and Mechanical Stability of StructureChapter 9. Structure of Solids Introduction 9.1. Structure Study Methods 9.2. Types of Solids 9.3. Crystal Structure 9.4. Atomic Shape Related to Crystal Structure 9.5. Structure Idealization 9.6. Crystal Imperfections 9.7. Activity within SolidsChapter 10. Energy Levels Introduction 10.1. Free Particle Theory 10.2. Applications of the Free Particle Theory 10.3. Summary of Results of the Free Particle Theory 10.4. Energy Levels of Single Atoms and of Assemblies of Atoms 10.5. Interpretation of Band Structure 10.6. Insulators, Conductors, and SemiconductorsChapter 11. The Schrödinger Equation Introduction 11.1. Objectives of Presentation 11.2. General Method of Approach 11.3. The Schrodinger Equation 11.4. Application to a One-dimensional Problem. The Square Potential Well 11.5. Numerical Example, Square Potential Well 11.6. Potential Well of Finite Width and Infinite Depth 11.7. Interpretation of Results 11.8. More Complicated Types of Systems 11.9. ConclusionChapter 12. Surfaces Introduction 12.1. The Physical Nature of a Surface 12.2. Surface Energy 12.3. Surface Tension 12.4. Surface Wetting 12.5. Adsorption at Surfaces 12.6. Chemical Catalysis 12.7. Adhesion 12.8. Friction 12.9. Electron Emission from Metal 12.10. Contact Potential 12.11. Oxidation 12.12. CorrosionChapter 13. Energetic Particles Introduction Electrons 13.1. Sources of Electrons 13.2. Energy Loss Mechanisms 13.3. Fate Positive Particles with Small Charge-to-mass Ratio 13.4. Sources of High-mass, Positively Charged Particles 13.5. Mechanism of Energy Loss 13.6. Fate Photons 13.7.