Joseph D. O'Neil is Associate Professor in German Studies in the Department of Modern and Classical Languages, Literatures, and Cultures at the University of Kentucky, USA.

Figures of Natality reads metaphors and narratives of birth in the age of Goethe (1770-1832) as indicators of the new, the unexpected, and the revolutionary. Using Hannah Arendt's concept of natality, Joseph O'Neil argues that Lessing, Goethe, and Kleist see birth as challenging paradigms of Romanticism as well as of Enlightenment, resisting the assimilation of the political to economics, science, or morality. They choose instead to preserve the conflicts and tensions at the heart of social, political, and poetic revolutions. In a historical reading, these tensions evolve from the idea of revolution as Arendt reads it in British North America to the social and economic questions that shape the French Revolution, culminating in a consideration of the culture of the modern republic as such.
Alongside this geopolitical evolution, the ways of representing the political change, too, moving from the new as revolutionary eruption to economic metaphors of birth. More pressing still is the question of revolutionary subjectivity and political agency, and Lessing, Goethe, and Kleist have an answer that is remarkably close to that of Walter Benjamin, as that "secret index" through which each past age is "pointed toward redemption." Figures of Natality uncovers this index at the heart of scenes and products of birth in the age of Goethe.

Acknowledgements
Chapter 1: Lyric Births: Poetic Revolution and Maieutic Technique
Chapter 2: Genre, Generation, and the Retreat of the Political
Chapter 3: Ghostly Births: The Specter of Romanticism and the Maieutics of the Medium
Chapter 4: "Not as in a mirror": Wilhelm Meister and the Haunting of Sovereignty
Chapter 5: Kleist's Machiavellian Mothers: Institution, Relation, Distribution
Conclusion: Split Summits and Bifurcated Maieutics: The Political Difference and the Future of Democracy
Bibliography