This deeply researched new book questions this assumption. It shows that English associations once were widespread, taking hold in colonial America, spreading to Canada and then encompassing all of the empire.

Tanja Bueltmann is Associate Professor in History at Northumbria University
Donald M. MacRaild is Professor of British and Irish History at University of Roehampton

Introduction: ethnic associationalism and an English diaspora
1. The origins and development of the English diaspora in North America
2. Elite associations: from local to transnational
3. Independent and sectarian: working-class English associational culture
4. Ethnic activities and leisure cultures
5. Charity and mutual aid: the pillars of English associations
6. English, Scots and Germans compared: British and continental perspectives
7. The making of a global diaspora
Conclusion
Appendix 1 North American cities and towns with St George's societies and other English associations
Appendix 2 Lodges of the Order of the Sons of St George, 1885
Appendix 3 Lodges of the Sons of England, 1896
Index