How do individual differences interact with situational factors to shape social behavior? Are people with certain traits more likely to form lasting marriages; experience test-taking anxiety; break the law; feel optimistic about the future? This handbook provides a comprehensive, authoritative examination of the full range of personality variables associated with interpersonal judgment, behavior, and emotion. The contributors are acknowledged experts who have conducted influential research on the constructs they address. Chapters discuss how each personality attribute is conceptualized and assessed, review the strengths and limitations of available measures (including child and adolescent measures, when available), present important findings related to social behavior, and identify directions for future study.

Mark R. Leary, PhD, is Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience at Duke University. His research interests include self-awareness, interpersonal motivation and emotion, and the interfaces of social and clinical psychology. He is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association, the Association for Psychological Science, and the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, and was the founding editor of Self and Identity.

Rick H. Hoyle, PhD, is Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience at Duke University. The primary focus of his research is the investigation of basic cognitive, affective, and social processes relevant to self-regulation. He is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association, the Association for Psychological Science, the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, and the Division of Evaluation, Measurement, and Statistics of the American Psychological Association.

Introduction

1. Situations, Dispositions, and the Study of Social Behavior, Mark R. Leary and Rick H. Hoyle

2. Methods for the Study of Individual Differences in Social Behavior, Rick H. Hoyle and Mark R. Leary

II. Interpersonal Dispositions

3. Extraversion, Joshua Wilt and William Revelle

4. Agreeableness, William G. Graziano and Renée M. Tobin

5. Attachment Styles, Phillip R. Shaver and Mario Mikulincer

6. Interpersonal Dependency, Robert F. Bornstein

7. Machiavellianism, Daniel N. Jones and Delroy L. Paulhus

8. Gender Identity, Wendy Wood and Alice H. Eagly

III. Emotional Dispositions

9. Neuroticism, Thomas A. Widiger

10. Happiness, Ed Diener, Pelin Kesebir, and William Tov

11. Depression, Patrick H. Finan, Howard Tennen, and Alex J. Zautra

12. Social Anxiousness, Shyness, and Embarrassability, Rowland S. Miller

13. Proneness to Shame and Proneness to Guilt, June Price Tangney, Kerstin Youman, and Jeffrey Stuewig

14. Hostility and Proneness to Anger, John C. Barefoot and Stephen H. Boyle

15. Loneliness, John T. Cacioppo and Louise C. Hawkley

16. Affect Intensity, Randy C. Larsen

IV. Cognitive Dispositions

17. Openness to Experience, Robert R. McCrae and Angelina R. Sutin

18. Locus of Control and Attributional Style, Adrian Furnham

19. Belief in a Just World, Claudia Dalbert

20. Authoritarianism and Dogmatism, John Duckitt

21. The Need for Cognition, Richard E. Petty, Pablo Briñol, Chris Loersch, and Michael J. McCaslin

22. Optimism, Charles S. Carver and Michael F. Scheier

23. The Need for Cognitive Closure, Arie W. Kruglanski and Shira Fishman

24. Integrative Complexity, Peter Suedfeld

V. Motivational Dispositions

25. Conscientiousness, Brent W. Roberts, Joshua J. Jackson, Jennifer V. Fayard, Grant Edmonds, and Jenna Meints

26. Achievement Motivation, David E. Conroy, Andrew J. Elliot, and Todd M. Thrash

27. Belonging Motivation, Mark R. Leary and Kristine M. Kelly

28. Affiliation Motivation, Craig A. Hill

29. Power Motivation, Eugene M. Fodor

30. Social Desirability, Ronald R. Holden and Jennifer Passey

31. Sensation Seeking, Marvin Zuckerman

32. Rejection Sensitivity, Rainer Romero-Canyas, Vanessa T. Anderson, Kavita S. Reddy, and Geraldine Downey

33. Psychological Defensiveness: Repression, Blunting, and Defensive Pessimism, Julie K. Norem

VI. Self-Related Dispositions

34. Private and Public Self-Consciousness, Allan Fenigstein

35. Independent, Relational, and Collective-Interdependent Self-Construals, Susan E. Cross, Erin E. Hardin, and Berna Gercek Swing

36. Self-Esteem, Jennifer K. Bosson and William B. Swann, Jr.

37. Narcissism, Frederick Rhodewalt and Benjamin Peterson

38. Self-Compassion, Kristin Neff

39. Self-Monitoring, Paul T. Fuglestad and Mark Snyder