Chapter 1. Artificial Neural Networks in Biology and Chemistry - the Evolution of a new Analytical Tool Hugh M. Cartwright Chapter 2. Overview of Artificial Neural Networks Jinming Zou, Yi Han, and Sung-Sau So Chapter 3. Bayesian Regularization of Neural Networks Frank Burden and Dave Winkler Chapter 4. Kohonen and Counter-propagation Neural Networks Applied for Mapping and Interpretation of IR Spectra Marjana Novic Chapter 5. Artificial Neural Network Modeling in Environmental Toxicology James Devillers Chapter 6. Neural Networks in Analytical Chemistry Mehdi Jalali-Heravi Chapter 7. Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Decision Support in Medicine Brendan Larder, Dechao Wang and Andy Revell Chapter 8. Neural Networks in Building QSAR Models Igor I. Baskin, Vladimir A. Palyulin, and Nikolai S. Zefirov Chapter 9. Peptide Bioinformatics- Peptide Classification Using Peptide Machines Zheng Rong Yang Chapter 10. Associative Neural Network Igor V. Tetko Chapter 11. Neural Networks Predict Protein Structure and Function Marco Punta and Burkhard Rost Chapter 12. The Extraction of Information and Knowledge from Trained Neural Networks David J. Livingstone, Antony Browne, Raymond Crichton, Brian D. Hudson, David Whitley and Martyn G. Ford