Describes the Almoravid transformation of western North Africa through trans-Saharan and trans-Mediterranean commerce, urbanization, and the epic encounter with the Christian, Muslim, and Jewish cultures of Iberia.

Camilo Gómez-Rivas ==================

Camilo Gómez-Rivas is Associate Professor of Mediterranean Studies at the University of California, Santa Cruz. He is the author of Law and the Islamization of Morocco under the Almoravids (2014) and "Berber Rule and Abbasid Legitimacy" in The Routledge Handbook of Muslim Iberia (2020).