VanderKam carries further an investigation of the relation between wisdom and apocalypse. He shows that not simply wisdom, but mantic wisdom has informed the authors of 1 Enoch 1-36, 73-107. VanderKam affirms the basic correctness of each researcher but sees in their work shortcomings which his own study seeks to rectify.

James C. VanderKam is the John A. O'Brien Professor of Hebrew Scriptures at the University of Notre Dame.