This edited volume provides extensive coverage of the extraction of underwater minerals, ranging from lakes, rivers, continental shelves of coastal states, and the deep ocean. The volume features interdisciplinary contributions on topics relating to the science, environment, technology, politics, and law and governance of underwater mining.

Pradeep A. Singh has a background in international law and specializes in the law of the sea, international environmental law, natural resource law, climate policy, and ocean governance.

Introduction, Pradeep A. Singh; Part I: Science, Technology, Environment and Society; 1. Mining the World's Rivers: Environmental and Social Impacts, and the Need for Sustainability, Mette Bendixen, Chris Hackney, Lars Lønsmann Iversen and Jim Best; 2. Emerging Technologies for Exploration and Independent Monitoring of Seafloor Extraction in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction, Andrew Thaler; 3/ Developments and Future Technological Trends for Deep Seabed Mining, Nitin Agarwala; 4. Beyond Polarization of Science in Deep Sea Mining: Charting Constructive Engagement, Saleem Ali; 5. Science and Sensibility: The Relationship between Seabed Mineral Contractors and the Academic Community, Samantha Smith; Part II: Politics, Law and Governance; 6. The Geopolitics of Mineral Extraction in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction, Pradeep A. Singh; 7. The Deep Seabed Mining Code and Agenda 2030, Ana Elizabeth Batista and Maria Sol Iniart; 8. The Continental Shelf Regime: Internationally Infused National Jurisdiction, Klaas Willaert; 9. Framework for Governance of Deep Seabed Mining Industry, Nitin Agarwala; Part III: Case Studies; 10, Toxic Elements in Hydrothermal Deposits on the Sea Floor: A Case Study at Okinawa Trough for Green Mining in the Future, Satoshi Murao, Chiho Sato and Kazuo Nakashima; 11. The Dead Sea's Minerals: The Blind Spot of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Apoli Bertrand Kameni; 12. Governing the Extractive Industry in the Extended Continental Shelf: Mauritius and Seychelles in the Mascarene Plateau,Siqhamo Yamkela Ntola.