Our rulers today, in an age of permanent inter-imperialist war, still glorify the ''civilisation'' of the Roman Empire. It is therefore timely to remember the greatest ever challenge to that empire was from below, the mass slave revolt led by the Thracian gladiator Spartacus from 73-71 BCE. Chris Harman (1942-2009) was a leading member of the Socialist Workers Party and its forerunner, the International Socialists, in Britain. From the early 1960s, Harman had written about Rosa Luxemburg, Karl Liebknecht and the Spartakist League in his 1982 classic work, The Lost Revolution: Germany, 1918-1923. During the 1990s, Chris was working on his magisterial A People''s History of the World (1999), and the year before this work was published, he gave a talk on Spartacus at the annual Marxism Festival in 1998. The speech, published for the first time, with additional original notes by Chris, is a vivid account of one of the most heroic, but also tragic class struggles in history, plus a fascinating historical and materialist discussion on the interrelationship between slavery, the impoverishment of the Roman peasant, and the rise and fall of the Roman Empire.