This book focuses on two key aspects of hate crime in the UK since 1945: those motivated by racial and religious prejudices. It examines factors that have underpinned the emergence and occurrence of racial and religious hate crime and the approaches and policies that have been pursued by the state, especially the criminal justice system, to combat this problem. Crucially, it also provides insight into the challenges that are faced in the contemporary period (especially in the wake of the 2016 EU referendum) in combatting hate crime. Additionally the book briefly considers the importance of the rhetoric of the Trump campaign and the administration's early policies to the contemporary manifestations of racial and religious hate crime.

Wendy Laverick is Senior Lecturer in Criminology at Manchester Metropolitan University, UK. She is developing an international research profile on transnational crime, hate crime and gender and policing scholarship and is the author of Global Injustice and Crime Control (Routledge, 2016). 

Peter Joyce is Visiting Professor in Criminology at Glynd¿r University, UK. He is widely published in Criminology and Politics, specialising in criminal justice, policing and the policing of protest. His recent books include The Policing of Protest, Disorder and International Terrorism (Palgrave 2016) and Criminal Justice: An Introduction (Routledge 2017, 3rd ed.). He served as a member of the Independent Police Ethics Committee in the Greater Manchester Police Force Area between 2014 and 2018. 

Introduction

Chapter 1

Racism and hate crime

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Racially motivated discrimination, extremist rhetoric and immigration control 1960 - to the early 1980s

Chapter 4

Policing, social disorder and responding to racially motivated offending in the 1980s and 1990s

Chapter 5

Legislating against racially aggravated offending: from the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 to the Macpherson Report

Chapter 6

Islamophobia and the social cohesion agenda

Chapter 7

Contemporary political extremism

Chapter 8

The Response to Hate Crime: From 2010 ¿ Brexit 

Chapter 9

Conclusion: Hate crime - Brexit and beyond.

Index