Dr. LOUTFY H. MADKOUR has been a Professor of Physical Chemistry and Nano Science at the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al Baha University, Saudi Arabia, since 2012. He received his B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry from Cairo University, Minia University and Tanta University (Egypt), respectively. He began working as a Lecturer in Chemistry at Tanta University in 1982 and as a Professor of Physical Chemistry in 1999. He has conducted a series of studies in the fields of electrochemistry, corrosion science, density functional theory, molecular dynamic simulation, nanoscience, nanotechnology, nanomedicine, analytical chemistry, polarography, electrolytic extraction of heavy metals from natural ores and deposits, electrochemical thermodynamics and environmental chemistry. His previous research accomplishments include the biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) and toxicology studies for pharmacological applications in medicine and therapy. He has published 150 peer-reviewed original research articles, 11 review articles, and 4 books on physical chemistry, practical and applied chemistry, corrosion science, nanoscience and nanomedicine.

Prof. Madkour is an Editorial Board member for several international journals, e.g. the International Journal of Industrial Chemistry (IJIC); International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water; Global Drugs and Therapeutics (GDT); Journal of Targeted Drug Delivery; Journal of Clinical and Medical Research; and International Journal of Environmental Chemistry. In addition to serving as a Reviewer for many international ELSEVIER and SPRINGER journals, he is a member of many prestigious international societies, including the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), European Desalination Society (EDS), Egyptian Chemical Society (ECS), Egyptian Corrosion Bulletin Society and American Chemical Society (ACS). 

CONTENTS

Summary

A Look Ahead

1. INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY (NT)

AND NANOMATERIALS (NMs)

1.1 Nanotechnology Debate

1.2 Nanomaterials (NMs)

1.3 The Nanoworld

1.4 Atoms, Clusters and Nanograins

1.5 What is Different at the Nanoscale

1.6 History of Nanomaterials

2. PRINCIPLES OF COMPUTATIONAL SIMULATIONS DEVICES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOELECTRONIC MATERIALS

2.1. Charged particle single nanometer manufacturing

2.2. Exotic effects and potential

2.3. Preliminary concepts: elements from solid state physics

2.4. Computing electronic transport

2.5. Basics of DFT and Methodology

2.6. Characterization of Nanomaterials

2.7. Characterization Techniques

References

3. WHERE ARE NANOMATERIALS (NMs) FOUND

3.1. Nanoparticles Are All Around Us

3.2. What Nanomaterials Exist in Nature

3.3. Environmental Nanoparticles and Colloids

3.4. Humic Substances

3.5. Volcanic Ashes

3.6. Desert Sources of Nanoparticles

3.7. Biological Nanoparticles

References

4. BENEFITS OF NANOMATERIALS AND NANOWIRE GEOMETRY

4.1 The Nanobulk Stage (10-15 years)

4.2 Advances of Nanomaterials (NMs)

4.3 The Nanoworld Stage (15-40 years)

4.4 NMs Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonance for Biological and

Chemical Sensing Applications

4.6 Disadvantages of Nanomaterials (NMs)

References

5. WHY SO MUCH INTEREST IN NANOMATERIALS (NMs)

5.1. Recent Advances of Nanostructured Materials

5.2. New Properties can be created

5.3 Some Present and Future Applications of Nanomaterials

5.4 Engineered Nanoparticles Change Shape in Soil and Groundwater

5.5 Applications of Field-Effect Transistors (FET)

5.6 Fabrication of 1-D Nanostructures

References

6. EXAMPLES OF NANOMATERIALS WITH VARIOUS MORPHOLOGIES

6.1. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)

6.2. Nanoparticles

6.3. Other Application Examples of Nanoparticles are

6.4. Quantum Dots

6.6. Metal Rubber

6.7. Nanopores

6.8. Nanoparticles with Different Morphologies

References

7. CARBON NANOMATERIALS AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL

TRANSITION METAL DICHALCOGENIDES (2D TMDCs)

7.1. Classification of 2D materials

7.2. 2D materials, their properties, and applications

7.3. Crystal structure of 2D materials

7.4. Electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of 2D materials

7.5. 2D van der Waals heterostructures

7.6. Fabrication of 2D heterostructures

7.7. 2D heterostructures and their applications

7.8. Fullerenes molecules

7.9. Diamond molecules

7.10. Carbon Nanotubes (Carbon-based NPs)

7.11. Graphene background

7.12. Potential Applications of Graphene

7.13. Applications of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)

7.14. The Future of Graphene Research

References

8. NANOELECTRONICS AND ROLE OF SURFACES INTERFACES

8.1. The Development of Microelectronics

8.3. Crystal Structure and Dense Planes

8.4. The Surface Energy ¿

8.5. Transistor Scaling

8.6. Molecular Electronics

8.7. Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)

9. CLASSIFICATION OF NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS

9.1. Gleiter's Classification of Nanostructured Materials (NSM)

9.2. Classification of Nanomaterials by Dimensionality

9.3. Some Classifications Definitions

9.4. Elementary Building Units (Nanostructures)

9.5. Quantum Confinement from 3D to 0D

9.6 Matrix-Reinforced and Layered Nanocomposites

9.7. Nanowires (NWs)

References

10. PROCESSING OF NANOMATERIALS (NMs)

10.1. Top-down approaches

10.2. Bottom-up approach

10. 3. Two approaches with the same goal

10.4. Methods for Creating Nanostructures

References

11. TECHNIQUES FOR ELABORATION OF NANOMATERIALS

11.1. Vapor - Phase Synthesis

11.3. Sol-Gel Technique

11.4. Solid - State Phase Synthesis

11.5. Other Methods

11.6. Consolidation of Nanopowders

12. SYNTHESIS METHODS FOR 2D NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS, NANOPARTICLES (NPs), NANOTUBES (NTs) AND NANOWIRES (NWs)

12.1. Synthesis Methods for 2D Materials

12.2. Synthesis Methods of Nanoparticles NPs

12.3. Synthesis Methods of Nanotubes (NTs)

12.4. Synthesis Methods of Nanowires NWs

References

13. CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS FOR NANOSTRUCTURES SEMICONDUCTIVITY

13.1. Conductivity of Nanowires NWs

13.2. Welding Nanowires

13.3. Silicon-Germanium Nanowires SiGe NWs

13.4. Growth Techniques, Morphology, and Structural Properties of SiGe NWs

13.5. Chemical and Physical Properties of Nanowires

13.6. Theoretical Modeling

References

14. PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS (NSMs)

AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF (NPs)

14.1. Properties of Nanoscale Matter

14.3. The Physical Properties of Nanoclusters

14.4. The Electronic Properties

14.5. The Magnetic Properties and Classifications of Magnetic Nanomaterials

14.6. The Optical Properties

14.7. The Electrical Properties

14.8. The Mechanical Properties of Nanomaterials

14.9 Thermal Properties of NSMs

14.10. Chemical Properties of NSMs

14.11. Physicochemical Properties of NPs

References

15. APPLICATIONS OF NANOMATERIALS AND NANOPARTICLES

15.2. Applications of NMs in Health and Medical Therapy

15.3. Applications in manufacturing and materials

15.4. Applications in the Environment

15.5. Applications in the Electronics

15.6. Applications in Energy Harvesting

15.7. Current and future trends

15.8. Examples of Nanomaterials' Applications

References

16. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF NANOTECHNOLOGY AND NOVEL APPLICATIONS OF NANO MATERIALS AND NANO DEVICES

16.1. From Microelectronics to Nanoelectronics and Molecular Electronics

16.2. Nano in Energy and Clean Energy

16.3. The Environmental Impact of Nanotechnology

16.4. AI and Nanotechnology How do They Work Together

16.5. Novel Nanotubes and Encapsulated Nanowires

16.6. Novel Applications of Nanowires and Nanotubes

16.7. Nanowire-based Transistors (Nanotube field-effect transistor)

16.9. Racetrack Memory

16.10. Nanowire-based Metamaterials

16.11. Indicators and Flat Displays

16.12. Nanowire Photovoltaics

16.13. Nanowires and Nano-Composite as Corrosion Inhibitors

References

17. INTERFACING BIOLOGY SYSTEMS WITH NANOELECTRONICS

17.1. Nanoelectronic-Biological Interfaces Enable

17.2. Molecular Biomimetic: Nanotechnology through Biology

17.3. Fundamentals of NanoFET in Biology and Medicine

17.4. Multiplexed Extracellular Electrical Recording

17.5. Intracellular Electrical Recording

17.6. Nanoelectronics Innervated Synthetic Tissues

17.7. Application areas of Biosensors and -assays

17.8. Selection of Inorganic-Binding Proteins through Display Technologies

17.9. Future Vision for Life Sciences

References

FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

CONCLUSIONS

Bibliography

Recent Published Research Articles in Nano-and Bio-Nanotechnology