This book presents up-to-date geoscience technologies for heritage investigations and conservation, covering various sub-disciplines of geophysics, geodesy, 3D laser scanning technology, hydrogeology, and rock mechanics applied to the exploration of new heritage sites, mapping and visualization, as well as hazard mitigation. The current shift toward interdisciplinary ways of thinking highlights the added value of merging arts with sciences and other disciplines for better management and preservation of cultural heritage. Featuring advanced scientific investigations in 40 case studies around the globe, the book demonstrates how a better understanding of natural processes coupled with conservation approaches, mainly based on sustainable practices such as the use of traditional knowledge in recovery techniques and building local capacities, can ensure effective conservation.

Gad El-Qady, is a Professor of Applied Geophysics working in the area of application of Geophysical techniques for, but not limited to, Environmental investigations, archaeological, geotechnical, groundwater and geothermal investigations. Currently, Prof. El-Qady is the president of the National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG) since Jan 2019. Before that he was the Vice President of NRIAG)2018-2019), President of the National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Egypt. From July 2016 to Jan 2017, he was head of geomagnetic department at NRIAG. While during 2013-2014 he was coordinator of the international relations of E-JUST.

Prof. El-Qady was the science and culture attaché of Egypt in Japan from 2010 to 2013. During 2013 to 2015 he was JSPS visiting professors at Kyushu university, that same group where He got his PhD on 2001. Since that time is an active member of the Egyptian Geophysical community. Prof. El-Qady supervised many post graduate students at different Egyptian universities. Prof. El-Qady, is the managing editor of the journal of National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG) and has published many scientific papers, reviews, in peer reviewed international journals and he participate in several international Conferences and functioning as a referee for international Journals. He also organized several international conferences such as the 20th EMIW, ACAG 5^th, ACAG 7^th , AFSC2016.

He is also a working group committee member of the Electromagnetic induction in the earth (WMIW) that is now Div No. 6 of the IAGA (2008-2016).

Claudio Margottini (hab. full Professor of Engineering Geology) is the former Scientific and Technological Attaché at the Italian Embassy in Egypt and currently adjunct Professor at UNESCO Chair in the University of Florence (Italy), at Galala University in Egypt and at National Research Institute for Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG) in Egypt. Hehas served at the Geological Survey of Italy (ISPRA) and, as adjunct Professor at Modena (Italy) University and Huazong University (Wuhan, China).

He is trained as an Engineering Geologist (Università la Sapienza, Rome, Italy, 1979, summa cum laudae) and Engineering Seismologist (Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, UK, 1983). Extensively supporting UNESCO and other international organizations all his life long, his major field of expertise embrace the development of engineering geological techniques for the conservation and protection of Cultural and Natural Heritages. With projects in 26 Countries worldwide, during his career he received numerous honours and award in recognition of his services, mainly in less advantages Countries of the world.

He is author of about 330 publications and books.

Sustainable conservation of UNESCO and other heritages sites through proactive geosciences

 

Editors: Gad El Qady & Claudio Margottini

 

Forward

 

INTRODUCTION

 

Part I: Rock mechanic, rock weathering and slope stability

 

1-Claudio Margottini, Daniele Spizzichino, Orlando Pandolfi

Landslide mitigation measures for the conservation of the archaeological site of Orongo (Easter Island-Chile).

e-mail: claudio.margottini@gmail.com

2-Daniele Spizzichino, J. Condori Amaru, Luca Lombardi, J. I. Gallego Revilla, J. A. Fernando Merodo, Claudio Margottini,

Conservation polices and mitigation measures for the Akapana Pyramid in the Tiwanaku archaeological site (Bolivia).

E-mail: d.spizzichino@gmail.com

3-Fernandez-Merodo J.A., Mateos R.M., Azañon J.M., Ezquerro P., García-Davalillo J.C.,Bejar M., Herrera G., Novo C., Bee E., Themistocleous K., Crosta G., Frattini P., Castellanza R., Leoni G., Spizzichino D., Margottini C.,

Multiscale analysis of geohazards affecting the Alhambra (Spain) Cultural Heritage

e-mail: jose.fernandez@igme.es

 

4-M. Camorani, Fiorini G., G. Gigli, C. Margottini, D. Spizzichino, D. Vicini

Rock mechanic characterization and 3D Kinematic analysis of Katsky pillar (Georgia)

e-mail: claudio.margottini@gmail.com

5-Duygu Ergenç, Nevin Aly, Rafael Fort, Sayed Hamed, Mónica Alvarez de Buergo

Petrological study on the Roman mortars from Kom El-Dikka Archaeological Site (Alexandria, Egypt)

e-mail: nevin.aly@suezuniv.edu.eg

6-Jorge Feijoo, Mónica A. de Buergo, Rafael Fort, Nevin Aly

Electrochemical desalination of salt infected brick masonry applying a double electrode system

e-mail: nevin.aly@suezuniv.edu.eg

 

Part II: Geotechnical engineering

 

7- Guido Gottardi

Keynote: Investigation and preservation of historic foundations

e-mail: guido.gottardi2@unibo.it

 

8- Yoshinori Iwasaki, Mitsuharu Fukuda, Mitsumasa Ishizuka, Robert mansMcCarthy, Ichita Shimoda, Koichi Nakagawa, Tomofumi Koyama, Takeshi Nakagawa, and Vanna Ly

Keynote: Preventive Conservation of the Central Tower of Bayon Temple under Global Warming: Case Study in Soil Filled Foundation and Character Defining Elements of Authenticity of Foundation in Angkor, Cambodia

e-mail: dec19yoshi1+torino@gmail.com

 

9- Daniele Spizzichino, Gabriele Leoni, Paolo M. Guarino, Daniela Boldini, Saverio Mengoni, Adele Cecchini, Beatrice Casocavallo

Slope instability induced by climate changes on the UNESCO Etruscan necropolis (Tarquinia, Central Italy)

e-mail: d.spizzichino@gmail.com

 

Part III: Geophysics

10- Gad El Qady

Keynote: NRIAG effort to mitigate natural and geotechnical risk in cultural heritage site.

e-mail: gadosan@nriag.sci.eg

 

11- Amin Ibrahim, Saada Saada, Khaled Gemail

The Potential and Limitations of Electrical Resistivity and Magnetic Methods for Characterizing Highly Terrainous Archaeological Site: A Case Study At Tell Dibgou, Egypt.

e-mail: dr_amin1983@yahoo.com

 

12- Abbas M. Abbas, Raafat E. Fat-Helbary, Karrar O. El Faragawy, Ahmed Hamed

The implementation of shallow geophysical survey for detection of some buried archaeological structures in Aswan city, Egypt

e-mail: dr.abbas.ali@gmail.com

 

13-William Frodella, Daniele Spizzichino, Giovanni Gigli, Mikheil Elashvili, Claudio Margottini, Nicola Casagli

The use of InfraRed Thermography (IRT) for the protection and conservation of rupestrian CH sites affected by slope instabilities

e-mail: claudio.margottini@gmail.com

 

14-Massimiliano Pieraccini, Lapo Miccinesi

Ground Penetrating Radar for investigating painted walls and floors of ancient buildings

e-mail: massimiliano.pieraccini@unifi.it

 

15-Yuri Manshtein, Eugene Balkov, Alexander Manshtein

Frozen mounds of Altay mounting geophysical studies

e-mail: manstein@sibergeo.com

 

 

Part IV: Laser scanning and virtual reality

16-Heinz Ruther

Keynote: Developments in the digital documentation of tangible Cultural heritage.  Advances in data acquisition, processing methods and curating

e-mail: heinz.ruther@zamaniproject.org

 

17-Ahmed Elhadi Sherif, Abdel Hamid Mohamed Elbashbeshy, Abdel-Monem Sayed Mohamed and Gad ElQady

Usage of laser scanning system to document the historical heritage of Beet Al Qadi, Cairo

e-mail: abdel_monem@yahoo.com

 

18-Mohamed Marzouk

An HBIM Holistic Approach for Rehabilitation of Heritage Buildings

e-mail: mmmarzouk@gmail.com

 

Part V: Hydrogeology

 

19-Abbas M. Abbas, Usama Massoud, Hany S. Mesbah, Ayman I. Taha, Mohamed Gamal Abdelmonem Gad El Qady

Keynote: Geophysics' role in investigating and mitigating groundwater hazards on archaeological sites: Case studies from "Sphinx -Giza, Kom Ombo Temple-Aswan and Hawara Pyramid-Fayoum

e-mail: dr.abbas.ali@gmail.com

 

20-Claudio Margottini, Daniele Spizzichino, Luca. M. Puzzilli, Paolo Pagnin

Hydrogelogical hazard assessment and monitoring of Maya Devi Temple World Heritage sites in Lumbini (Nepal): the Birthplace of the Lord Buddha

e-mail: claudio.margottini@gmail.com

 

21-Claudio Margottini, Ugo Castellotti, Debi Goshal

Water Infiltration and Waterproofing of Susan-ri Tomb (North Korea)

e-mail: claudio.margottini@gmail.com

 

Part VI: Structural and environmental monitoring

 

22-Kyriacos Themistocleus

Monitoring cultural heritage sites affected by geohazards

e-mail: k.themistocleous@cut.ac.cy

23- Petti Luigi, Barone Fabrizio, Domenico Greco, Gabriel Zuchtriegel

Innovative structural monitoring as tool of preservation and valorisation of monumental architectures: the case of Neptune Temple in Paestum IT

e-mail: petti@unisa.it

24- Hamed A., N. Aly

Structure Stability Analyses of Chapels Dedicated to Wives of Amun Using Non-Contact Techniques, Madinet Habu temple - Luxor - Egypt

e-mail: eoam_consult@yahoo.com

 

25-Ilenia Argentiero, Maria Dolores Fidelibus, Roberta Pellicani, Giuseppe Spilotro

Integrated characterization of Apulian hypogean cultural heritage (Italy)

e-mail: g.spilotro@tin.it

 

26-Martin Ziegler, Rachael Colldeweih, Andrea Wolter, Andrea Loprieno-Gnirs, Matthew Perras, Jordan Aaron

Geological control on the evolution of stability of Theban tombs at Sheikh 'Abd el-Qurna, Luxor, Egypt

e-mail: aewolter1@gmail.com

 

Part VII: Seismic Hazard and Archeoseismology

 

27-Mustapha Meghraoui, Sbeinati Reda

Keynote: Archeoseismology and the Impact  of Large Earthquakes on Cultural Heritage

e-mail: m.meghraoui@unistra.fr

 

28-Mahmut Göktü Drahor, Ökmen Sümer, Meriç Aziz Berge, Caner Öztürk, Atilla Ongar

Integrated Geoscience Investigations in Hittite Imperial Sites Affected by Earthquakes

e-mail: mgdrahor@hotmail.com

 

29-Marco Fasan, Hany M. Hassan, Andrea Magrin, Franco Vaccari, Fabio Romanelli, Mohamed ElGabry

Multi-Scenario Physics-Based Seismic Hazard Assessment of Cultural Heritage Sites

e-mail: mfasan@units.it

 

30-Hamidatou Mouloud, Lebdioui Saad, Hallal Nasime, Abdelkrim Yelles-Chaouche, Assia Harbi, Mohammdi Yahia, Ammouchi Nesrine, Karima Messaoudi, Bellalem Fouzi, Beldjoudi Hamoud

State of buildings and related damage after the earthquake of 1856 in Jijel (Algeria). Considerations for seismic hazard assessment in Jijel and Skikda (Algeria)

e-mail: mouloudh83@gmail.com

 

31- Hany Hassan, Mohamed Sayed, Mohamed ElGabry, Fabio Romanelli, Ayman Hamed  

Seismic hazard assessment of a cultural heritage minaret in Cairo  

e-mail: hany_hassan@nriag.sci.eg

 

Part VIII: Remote Sensing

 

32-Rosa Lasaponara, Nicola Masini

Keynote: Analysis, integration and interpretation of Big Earth data in the Copernicus Era for the documentation, monitoring and preservation of natural and cultural heritage

e-mail: nicola.masini@cnr.it

 

33-Raspini F., Bianchini S., Festa D., Del Soldato M, Confuorto P., Casagli N.

The potential of satellite interferometry for geohazard assessment in cultural heritage sites

e-mail: federico.raspini@unifi.it

 

34-Carla Iadanza, Gabriele Leoni, Daniele Spizzichino, Alessandro Trigila, Claudio Margottini, Massimo Osanna, Bruno de Nigris, Alberta Martellone, Mario Costantini, Elena Francioni, Francesco Trillo, Federico Minati

Instability processes and SAR data analysis in the Pompeii archeological park

e-mail: claudio.margottini@gmail.com

 

35-Abdelazi Fathi Abdelaziz Elfadaly, Rosa La Saponara

Remote Sensing applications for Cultural Heritage Sites Sustainability: case studies form Egypt

e-mail: abdelaziz.elfadaly@imaa.cnr.it

 

36-Gabriele Leoni, Daniele Spizzichino, Marina Marcelli, Cristina Carta

Rome walls satellite monitoring and protection by prothego methodology

e-mail: d.spizzichino@gmail.com

 

Part IX: New policies for management and conservation of heritage sites

 

37-Alfonsina Russo, Irma Della Giovampaola, Daniele Spizzichino, Gabriele Leoni, Alessandro Coletta and Maria Virelli

The project of Parco Archeologico del Colosseo and the Italian network of archaeological parks: from satellite monitoring to conservation and preventive maintenance policies.

e-mail: irma.dellagiovampaola@beniculturali.it

 

38-Chris Wetcher

Adaptation, traditions and conservation: The Case of the Asante Traditional Buildings World Heritage Site in Ghana

e-mail: chriswetcher@gmail.com

 

39-Naoyo Sekihiro

Management of Cultural Assets in Sudan from the Perspective of Sustainable Development Goals

e-mail: naoyo@pearl.ocn.ne.jp

 

40-Tamar Meliva

Improvement the State of Conservation of the Georgian Rock-cut Heritage through the Multidisciplinary Approach

e-mail: Tamarameliva@gmail.com

 

Aswan Declaration

 

41-Gad El Qady, Claudio Margottini

The Aswan declaration

e-mail: gadosan@nriag.sci.eg