The book is a true knowledge-enhancing project, dealing with the forms of rationality at work in social life, which are so many, varied and complex. Published already in Spanish and Italian, it analyses the role played by rationality through the lens of social theories in order to propose a problematic interpretation of human action. Since there is nothing more practical than a good theory when seeking to understand our society, the book reflects on the theoretical approaches that provide useful categories by means of which to understand and interpret individual, organizational, and institutional action. It proposes an analysis of a wide variety of classics by eminent European and Anglo-American thinkers, such as Dahrendorf, Mannheim, Marx, Popper, Weber, Habermas, Luhmann, Machiavelli, Pareto, Ardigò, Cesareo, Parsons, Schütz, Alexander, Bauman, Beck, Sennett, Antiseri, Boudon, Sen, Simon, to shed light on the relationship between rationality, difficulties in thinking and extra-rationality. Finally, the reasons for unexpected action are investigated as well as the strategic role played by ethics, rationality and skills in postmodern societies on the basis of the contributions of Nussbaum and Piketty.

Prof. Antonio Cocozza, former deputy director of The Department of Education of Rome's  Roma Tre University, President of the Degree Course in "Training and Human-Resource Development" - Professor of the Sociology of Work and Organisations, Director of the Master's Degree in "Policies and Tools for Human-Resource Management" and in "Organizational and managerial processes in school autonomy" at the Roma Tre University. Coordinator of the Observatory on school autonomy and Professor of "Business Communication and Human-Resource Management" at the LUISS, "Guido Carli", University, Rome.

Chapter 1. Reason and Rationality in Sociological Thought: Interpreting Human Action as a Problem.- Chapter 2. Superseding the Structural Dichotomy of the Holistic and Individualistic Approaches: Attempts and Statements.- Chapter 3. The Interpretation of Rationality in Human Action from Talcott Parsons, to Alfred Schütz and Jürgen Habermas.- Chapter 4. Rationality, Environment, and Complex Systems in the Theses of Niklas Luhmann.- Chapter 5. Rationalism, Irrationalism, and Pseudo-rationality in the Thinking of Karl Marx and Karl R. Popper.- Chapter 6. The theory of rational choice: potential and criticality.- Chapter 7. Towards the Supersession of Utilitarianism.- Chapter 8. The Upsurge of Postmodern Society and The Contributions of Bauman, Beck, and Sennett.- Chapter 9. Ethics, Rationality and Competences in Twenty-first Century Capitalism: The Perspective of Piketty, Nussbaum, and Morin. Conclusions.