South Tyrol is a small, mountainous area located in the central Alps. Despite its modest geographical size, it has come to represent a success story in the protection of ethnic minorities in Europe. When Austrian South Tyrol was given to Italy in 1919, about 200,000 German and Ladin speakers became Italian citizens overnight. Despite Italy¿s attempts to Italianize the South Tyroleans, especially during the Fascist era from 1922 to 1943, they sought to maintain their traditions and language, culminating in violence in the 1960s. In 1972 South Tyrol finally gained geographical and cultural autonomy from Italy, leading to the ¿regional state¿ of 2010.
This book, drawing on the latest research in Italian and German, provides a fresh analysis of this dynamic and turbulent period of South Tyrolean and European history. The author provides new insights into the political and cultural evolution of the understanding of the region and the definition of its role within the European framework. In a broader sense, the study also analyses the shift in paradigms from historical nationalism to modern regionalism against the backdrop of European, global, national and local historical developments as well as the shaping of the distinct identities of its multilingual and multi-ethnic population.

Georg Grote was born in the Lower Rhine Valley in northwest Germany. He has lived in Ireland since 1993 and lectures in Western European history at University College Dublin.

Contents: Approaches to South Tyrol ¿ Tyrolean Nationalisms before 1918 ¿ The Annexation of South Tyrol, 1919-1922 ¿ Italianization under Mussolini, 1923-1932 ¿ Under the Shadow of the Third Reich, 1933-1938 ¿ The Option and German Rule in South Tyrol 1939-1945 ¿ The World and the South Tyrol Issue, 1945-1946 ¿ Disquiet and Unrest, 1947-1960 ¿ Explosions and Settlements, 1961-1972 ¿ Under Autonomy Rule, South Tyrol since 1972 ¿ The Regionalist Drive since 1989 ¿ Writing the Past and Establishing a South Tyrolean Collective Memory ¿ Commemoration and Collective Memory.