This volume provides a unique view of the movement for peace during the First World War, with authors from across Europe and the United States, each providing a distinctive cultural analysis of peace movements during the Great War. As Europe began its descent into the madness that became the First World War, people in every nation worked to maintain peace. Once the armies began to march across borders, activists and politicians alike worked to bring an end to the hostilities. This volume explores what peace meant to the different people, societies, nationalities, and governments involved in the First World War. It offers a wide variety of observations, including Italian socialists and their fight for peace, women in Britain pushing for peace, and French soldiers refusing to fight in an effort to bring about peace.

Justin Quinn Olmstead is Assistant Professor of History and Director of History Education at the University of Central Oklahoma in Edmond, Oklahoma, USA.

¿Introduction to Part I.-The International Peace Bureau and The Universal Peace Congresses, 1899-1914; Enrica Costa Bona.-

The Masonic International and the Peace Movement in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries; Fulvio Conti.- Introduction to Part II.- The legacy of Léon Bourgeois: From the solidarist doctrine to the Emergence of International Arbitration; Caroline Tixier.- French International Lawyers in the Service of International Peace during

The early 20th Century: the case of Nicolas Politis; Marilena Papadaki.- G.E Modigliani in the Zimmerwald Movement: 'War against war' and The United States of Europe; Donatella Cherubini.- 'With every nerve in my body I stand for peace': Jane Ellen Harrison and the Heresy of War; Jean Mills.- Between Frontlines: The Militant Pacifist Rosika Schimmer and Her Total Peace Effort; Dagmar Wernitznig.- Introduction to Part III.- Peace, a Tactical Approach: How Britain and Germany Abused the

Promise of Peace during the First World War; Justin Quinn Olmstead.- A future too awful to contemplate: Lord Lansdowne, war aims and peace advocacy in England in 1917; Keith Grieves.- Mutineers and Non-Mutineers in the French Army (May-June 1917); Galit Haddad.- Selected Bibliography.- Index