This book is aimed at analyzing the foundations of medical ethics by considering different moral theories and their implications for judgments in clinical practice and policy-making. It provides a review of the major types of ethical theory that can be applied to medical and bioethical issues concerning reproductive genetics. In response to the debate on the most adequate ethical doctrine to guide biomedical decisions, this book formulates views that capture the best elements in each, bearing in mind their differences and taking into account the specific character of medicine. No historically influential position in ethics is by itself adequate to be applied to reproductive decisions. Thus, this book attempts to offer a pluralistic approach to biomedical research and medical practice. One usually claims that there are some basic principles (non-maleficence, beneficence, confidentiality, autonomy, and justice) which constitute the foundations of bioethics and medical ethics. Yet these principles conflict with each other and one needs some criteria to solve these conflicts and to specify the scope of application of these principles. Exploring miscellaneous ethical approaches as introduced to biomedicine, particularly to reproductive genetics, the book shall elucidate their different assumptions concerning human nature and the relations between healthcare providers, recipients, and other affected parties (e.g. progeny, relatives, other patients, society). The book attempts to answer the question of whether the tension between these ethical doctrines generates conflict in the field of biomedicine or if these competing approaches could in some way complement each other. In this respect, lecturers and researchers in bioethics would be interested in this reading this book.

Introduction (Marta Soniewicka).- Part I. Moral theories applied to biomedicine.- 1. Ethical Theory and Moral Intuitions in Biomedical Decision-Making (Robert Audi).- 2. Do Our Moral Judgments Need to Be Guided by Principles? (Roberto Andorno).- 3. The Moral Philosophy of Genetic Counseling: Principles, Virtues and Utility Reconsidered (Marta Soniewicka).- 4. Moral Virtue and the Principles of Practical Reason (Adriana Warmbier).- 5. Parents, Special Obligations and Reproductive Genetics (Wojciech Lewandowski).- 6. A Bioethic of Communion: Beyond Care and the Four Principles (Thaddeus Metz).- 7. Context Counts - Bioethics in the Age of Globalization (Aeddan Shaw).- 8. Are There Unsolvable Dilemmas in Bioethics? (Barbara Chyrowicz).- Part II. The moral, legal and social challenges of reproductive genetics.- 9. Pragmatism, Law, and Morality: The Lessons of Buck v. Bell (Susan Haack).- 10. Inheritable Human Genetic Modifications: How Far Can We Go? (Peter Sykora).- 11. Reproductive and Therapeutic Cloning (Hennig Rosenau).- 12. Embryo: When Definitions Really Matter? (Iñigo de Miguel Beriain).- 13. Geneticization and Bioethics: Genetic Testing and the Right (not) to Know (Ewa Baum).- 14. Prenatal Tests: The Elimination of Disability or Elimination of People with Disabilities? (B¿äej Kmieciak).- 15. Ethical, Legal and Cross-Cultural Issues Regarding Late Termination of Pregnancy and Umbilical Cord Blood Bio-Banking: African Perspectives (Sylvester Chima).- 16. From Informed Choice to Distributed Decision-Making:  Studying Prenatal Decision Making as Processes of Knowledge Production (Nete Schwennesen).- 17. Technical and Ethical Limits in Prenatal and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (Mägorzata Karbarz). 18. Conscientious Objection in Medical Practice - Between Religious, Moral and Legal Norms (Jakub Pawlikowski).

Marta Soniewicka (editor): obtained doctorate both in Law (2007) and in Philosophy (2016). She works as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Philosophy of Law and Legal Ethics at the Faculty of Law and Administration of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow (Poland). Her research interests concentrate on the philosophy of law, political philosophy, and ethics (including bioethics). She has authored and co-authored numerous articles, chapters and books, including Granice sprawiedliwo¿ci, sprawiedliwo¿¿ ponad granicami (Boundaries of Justice, Justice Beyond Boundaries, Wolters Kluwer 2010), Paradoksy bioetyki prawniczej (Paradoxes of Legal Bioethics, Wolters Kluwer 2010; along with J. Stelmach & B. Bro¿ek & W. Zäuski). She has received numerous awards and scholarships, including  the Fulbright Scholarship (2011), the scholarship of the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education for outstanding young scholars (2013-2016), and the award ofthe Polish weekly magazine "Polityka" (2011).