Dr. Amin TermehYousefi is a visiting research scholar and his research interests are in the areas of synthesis carbon nanomaterials (CNTs, graphene oxide, 3D graphene and graphene nanoribbons) as well as conductive polymers (polypyrrole and polyaniline) to fabricate electrochemical and electromechanical sensors. Besides, Dr. Amin has developed his research to brain-like circuits, single-walled carbon nanotube-atomic force microscopy tips, artificial fingers and artificial fingers based on haptic sensors.

1.1

Nanotechnology in Medical Science

1.2

Carbon nanotubes

1.2.1

Synthesis of carbon nanotubes

1.2.2

Carbon nanotubes: Optimization, Purification, and Functionalization

1.2.3

Optimization of growth condition: Response surface methodology

1.2.4

Purification of carbon nanotubes

1.2.5

Functionalization of carbon nanotubes

1.3

Chemically modified electrodes

1.4

Biosensor

1.5

Application of carbon nanotubes in glucose biosensor

1.6

Aim and Objectives

1.7

Thesis structure

2.1

Carbon nanotubes

2.2

Structures of carbon nanotubes

2.3

Synthesis methods of carbon nanotubes

2.3.1

Arc discharge

2.3.2

Laser vaporization

2.3.3

Chemical vapor deposition

2.4

Key parameters on carbon nanotubes growth by CVD method

2.4.1

Effects of temperature on carbon nanotubes growth

2.4.2

Effects of flow rate on carbon nanotubes growth

2.4.3

Effects of catalyst on carbon nanotubes growth: ferrocene

2.5

Glucose biosensor :First, Second, and third generation

2.6

Carbon nanotubes-based biosensors

2.7

Functionalization of carbon nanotubes

2.7.1

Functionalized carbon nanotubes for direct electron transfer in glucose biosensor

2.8

Carbon nanotube-based composites in glucose biosensors

3.1

Flowchart

3.2

Materials

3.3

Synthesis of Multilayer CNTs from Camphor oil by CVD method

3.4

Synthesis of well-crystalline CNTs via neutralized cooling technique by CVD method

3.5

Synthesis of hig

3.6

Synthesis of selective aspect ratio vertically aligned CNTs via CVD method

3.7

Optimization of CNTs Growth condition using response surface methodology

3.7.1

Design of experimental matrix

3.7.2

Experimental methodology

3.8

Characterization of synthesized CNTs

3.8.1

Raman Spectroscopy: Measuring Conditions

3.8.2

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA): Measuring Conditions

3.8.3

Field Emission Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM): Measuring Conditions

3.8.4

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM): Measuring Conditions

3.8.5

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR): Measuring Conditions

3.9

Chemically modified electrodes (CMEs)

3.9.1

Pre-treatment of the electrodes

3.9.2

Preparat

3.9.3

Preparation of serum samples & Real sample analysis

3.9.4

Fabrication of Chemically modified electrodes

3.10

Fabrication of glucose biosensor based on vertically aligned CNTs composite (GOx/ MWCNTs/ Gl/GCE electrode)

3.10.1

Synthesis of and purification of MWCNTs

3.10.2

Fabrication of GOx/ MWCNTs/ Gl/GCE electrode

3.11

Electrochemical measurements of modified electrodes

3.11.1

Electrochemical Setup

3.11.2

Cyclic voltammetry

3.11.3

Chronoamperometric response

4.1

Synthesis of CNTs

4.2

Fast Synthesis of multilayer CNTs from Camphor oil

4.3

Synthesis of well-crystalline CNTs via neutralized cooling method

4.4

Highly oriented vertically aligned CNTs via CVD method

4.5

Synthesis of

4.6

Optimization of the growth condition using response surface methodology

4.6.1

Crystallinity Model (ID/IG-single-response optimization)

4.7

Verification effects on crystallinity model of CNTs: Morphological and interfacial characterization

4.7.1

Effect of temperature on CNTs crystallinity

4.7.2

Effect of concentration of precursor on CNTs crystallinity

4.7.3

Effect of annealing process on CNTs crystallinity

4.8

Constant glucose biosensor based on vertically aligned CNT composites

4.8.1

Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM)

4.8.2

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

4.9

Direct electron transfer of GOx/MWCNTs/Gl/GCE

4.9.1

Biocatalytic Activity of GOx/MWCNTs/Gl/GC Electrode

4.9.2

This book describes the fabrication of a frequency-based electronic tongue using a modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE), opening a new field of applying organic precursors to achieve nanostructure growth. It also presents a new approach to optimizing nanostructures by means of statistical analysis. 

The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method was utilized to grow vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with various aspect ratios. To increase the graphitic ratio of synthesized CNTs, sequential experimental strategies based on response surface methodology were employed to investigate the crystallinity of CNTs. In the next step, glucose oxidase (GOx) was immobilized on the optimized multiwall carbon nanotubes/gelatin (MWCNTs/Gl) composite using the entrapment technique to achieve enzyme-catalyzed oxidation of glucose at anodic potentials, which was drop-casted onto the GCE. The modified GCE's performance indicates that a GOx/MWCNTs/Gl/GC electrode can be utilized as a glucose biosensor with a high direct electron transfer rate between GOx and MWCNTs/Gl. It was possible to use the fabricated biosensor as an electronic tongue thanks to a frequency-based circuit attached to the electrochemical cell. The results indicate that the modified GCE (with GOx/MWCNTs/Gl) holds promising potential for application in voltammetric electronic tongues.