Part I Seismic Interpretation Introduction to Seismic Texture Jürgen Schlaf, Trygve Randen, Lars Sønneland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Atlas of 3D Seismic Attributes Trygve Randen, Lars Sønneland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 The Use of Structure Tensors in the Analysis of Seismic Data Maria Faraklioti, Maria Petrou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Automated Structural Interpretation Through Classification of Seismic Horizons Hilde G. Borgos, Thorleif Skov, Lars Sønneland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89 Automatic Fault Extraction Using Artificial Ants Stein Inge Pedersen, Thorleif Skov, Trygve Randen, Lars Sønneland . . . . . . . 107 Part II Geological Model Building Geological Modelling and Reservoir Simulation Chris L. Farmer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Geological Model Building: A Hierarchical Segmentation Approach Erik Monsen, Trygve Randen, Lars Sønneland, Jan E. Odegard . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Mapping 3D Geo-Bodies Based on Level Set and Marching Methods Stine Kjersti Richardsen, Trygve Randen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245 Modern Techniques in Seismic Tomography Alexander A. Boukhgueim. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Part III Reservoir Modeling and Simulation From 3D Seismic Facies to Reservoir Simulation: An Example From the Grane Field Alexis Carrillat, Brice Vallès . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 ADER Schemes for the Solution of Conservation Laws on AdaptiveTriangulations Martin Käser, Armin Iske . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335 Optimal Multivariate Interpolation Tobias Werther . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 A Method for Ranking CO2 Flow Models Using Seismic Modeling and Time-Lapse Data Magne Lygren, Erik Lindeberg, Per Bergmo, Geir Vaaland Dahl, Kristine Årland Halvorsen, Trygve Randen, Lars Sønneland . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415

Hydrocarbon exploration and production incorporate great technology challenges for the oil and gas industry. In order to meet the world's future demand for oil and gas, further technological advance is needed, which in turn requires research across multiple disciplines, including mathematics, geophysics, geology, petroleum engineering, signal processing, and computer science.

This book addresses important aspects and fundamental concepts in hydrocarbon exploration and production. Moreover, new developments and recent advances in the relevant research areas are discussed, whereby special emphasis is placed on mathematical methods and modelling. The book reflects the multi-disciplinary character of the hydrocarbon production workflow, ranging from seismic data imaging, seismic analysis and interpretation and geological model building, to numerical reservoir simulation. Various challenges concerning the production workflow are discussed in detail.

The thirteen chapters of this joint work, authored by international experts from academic and industrial institutions, include survey papers of expository character as well as original research articles. Large parts of the material presented in this book were developed between November 2000 and April 2004 through the European research and training network NetAGES, "Network for Automated Geometry Extraction from Seismic". The new methods described here are currently being implemented as software tools at Schlumberger Stavanger Research, one of the world's largest service providers to the oil industry.