Protein Domain Fold similarity and natural Product Structure as Guiding Prinicples for Compound Library Design; Sources of Polyketides and Nonribosomal Peptides; Polyketide Synthases: Mechanisms and Models; Functional and Structural Basis for Targeted Modification of Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases; Prerequisites for Combinatioral Biosynthesis;

Genome- and proteome-based research is generating a significant increase in the number of available drug targets. Correspondingly there is an increasing need for novel, diverse compounds, particularly based on natural compounds, as screening resource. The purpose of the Ernst Schering Research Foundation Workshop 51 was to provide a forum for an open exchange on perspectives and limitations of biocombinatorial synthesis and the significance of this technology for future drug discovery in light of this challenge. Experts from academia and industry provided contributions covering: the significance of natural compounds for state-of-the-art drug discovery; the underlying basic principle for the biosynthesis of highly complex compounds; and the scope and limitations of combinatorial biosynthesis regarding formation, identification, optimisation, isolation and manufacturing of novel biologically active entities.