1 Uncertainty, Entropy and Maximum Entropy Principle - An Overview.- 1.1 Uncertainty.- 1.2 Measure of Uncertainty in Random Phenomena.- 1.3 Shannon's Entropy.- 1.4 Properties of Shannon's Entropy.- 1.5 Asymptotic Equipartition Property (AEP).- 1.6 Joint and Conditional Entropies, Mutual Information.- 1.7 Kullback-Leibler (KL) Directed Divergence.- 1.8 Entropy of Continuous Distribution: Boltzmann Entropy.- 1.9 Entropy and Applications.- 1.10 Weighted Entropy.- 1.11 Fuzzy Uncertainty.- 1.12 Generalized Measures of Entropy.- 1.13 Maximum Entropy Principle.- 1.14 Entropy and MEP based applications.- 1.15 Conclusions.- References.- 2 Facets of Generalized Uncertainty-based Information.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Uncertainty Formalization.- 2.3 Uncertainty Measurement.- 2.4 Uncertainty Utilization.- 2.5 Conclusions.- References.- 3 Application of the Maximum (Information) Entropy Principle to Stochastic Processes far from Thermal Equilibrium.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 The Fokker-Planck Equation Belonging to the Short-Time Propagator.- 3.3 Correlation Functions as Constraints.- 3.4 Calculation of the Lagrange Multipliers.- 3.5 Practical Feasibility.- 3.6 Concluding Remarks.- References.- 4 Maximum Entropy Principle, Information of Non-Random Functions and Complex Fractals.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 MEP and Entropy of Non-Random Functions.- 4.3 Fractional Brownian Motion of Order n.- 4.4 Maximum Entropy Principle and Fractional Brownian Motion.- 4.5 Concluding Remarks.- References.- 5 Geometric Ideas in Minimum Cross-Entropy.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 "Pythagoran" theorem and projection.- 5.3 Differential geometry.- 5.4 Hausdorff dimension.- References.- 6 Information-Theoretic Measures for Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Analysis of Information Tables.- 6.3 A Review of Information-Theoretic Measures.- 6.4 Information-theoretic Measures of Attribute Importance.- 6.5 Conclusion.- References.- 7 A Universal Maximum Entropy Solution for Complex Queueing Systems and Networks.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 The Principle of ME.- 7.3 The GE Distribution.- 7.4 ME Analysis of a Complex G/G/1/N Queue.- 7.5 ME Analysis of Complex Open Queueing Networks.- 7.6 Conclusions and Further Comments.- References.- 8 Minimum Mean Deviation from the Steady-State Condition in Queueing Theory.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Mathematical Formalism.- 8.3 Number of Arrivals.- 8.4 Interarrival Time.- 8.5 Service Time.- 8.6 Computer Program.- 8.7 Conclusion.- References.- 9 On the Utility of Different Entropy Measures in Image Thresholding.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Summarization of Image Information.- 9.3 Measures of Information.- 9.4 Thresholding with Entropy Measures.- 9.5 Implementation and Results.- 9.6 Conclusions.- References.- 10 Entropic Thresholding Algorithms and their Optimizations.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Iterative Method for Minimum Cross Entropy Thresholding.- 10.3 Iterative Maximum Entropy Method.- 10.4 Extension to Multi-level Thresholding.- 10.5 Results and Discussions.- References.- 11 Entropy and Complexity of Sequences.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Representations of Sequences and Surrogates.- 11.3 Entropy-like Measures of Sequence Structure.- 11.4 Results of Entropy Analysis.- 11.5 Grammar Complexity and Information Content.- 11.6 Results of the Grammar Analysis.- 11.7 Conclusions.- References.- 12 Some Lessons for Molecular Biology from Information Theory.- 12.1 Precision in Biology.- 12.2 The Address is the Message.- 12.3 Breaking the Rules.- 12.4 Waves in DNA Patterns.- 12.5 On Being Blind.- 12.6 Acknowledgments.- References.- 13 Computation of the MinMax Measure.- 13.1 Introduction.- 13.2 Minimum Entropy and the MinMax Measure.- 13.3 An Algorithm for the MinMax measure.- 13.4 Numerical Example: A traffic engineering problem.- 13.5 Concluding Remarks.- References.- 14 On Three Functional Equations Related to the Bose-Einstein Entropy.- 14.1 Introduction.- 14.2 Solution of equations (14.4) and (14.5).- 14.3 Solution of the equation (14.6).- References.- 15 The Entropy Theory as a Decision Making Tool in Environmental and Water Resources.- 15.1 Introduction.- 15.2 Entropy Theory.- 15.3 Other Representations of Entropy.- 15.4 Entropy as a Decision Making Tool in Environmental and Water Resources.- 15.5 Implications for Developing Countries.- 15.6 Concluding Remarks.- References.