This book aims to provide empirical evidence regarding the consequences of changes in European societies, focussing on migration and related phenomena of discrimination and xenophobia. The comparative analyses cover all countries of the European Social Survey in the period 2002¿2014. They reveal that native members of so-called vulnerable groups, such as the unemployed, retired, permanently sick or disabled and the elderly, were more likely to experience threats and to exhibit anti-immigration attitudes. The contributors further examine social openness defined in terms of marital homogamy, social trust in the context of legitimization and social conditions of sleeplessness. A final methodological section presents the results of a mixed mode experiment involving the face-to-face mode.

Franciszek Sztabi¿ski is Professor of Sociology at the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology at the Polish Academy of Sciences. His main research interests include survey methodology, in particular issues of mode effects and mixed mode data collection.
Henryk Domäski is Professor of Sociology at the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology at the Polish Academy of Sciences. His main fields of interest are social stratification and mobility, and methodology of social research. He has authored numerous books, primarily on labour market segmentation, sex inequality, and comparative social stratification.
Pawe¿ B. Sztabi¿ski is Professor of Sociology at the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology at the Polish Academy of Sciences. His main research interests include survey methodology, in particular non-response issues and mixed mode data collection.

Perceived ethnic threat - Multilevel analysis - Values - Fraternal deprivation - Attitudes toward migrants - Competitive threat - Perception of migrants - Ethnic discrimination - Legitimization - Trust - Spouse selection - Sleeplessness - Mixed mode data collection