Revision with unchanged content. In this book, we propose that there are multiple factors, such as the education process and the consumption environment, which work to simultaneously create an opposition framework. People are constantly exposed to rival products, which are positioned to be opposites even when they are often extremely similar in chemical content and physical appearance. Thus, the implications of the recency-frequency model of activation (Higgins, Bargh and Lombardi 1985) would be that these proximal factors could, in some sense, prime dichotomous thinking. Dichotomous or oppositional thinking, as it is defined in this book, pertains to the flattening of dimensions present in a choice set such that the items can be graphically depicted at two ends of one dimension (see Figure 2 and Figure 3). We will first explore the impact of a dichotomous mindset on making a decision and then expand to the realm of opposition in choice set structures. Our findings show that when choices are presented in a dichotomous way, individuals find them less frustrating while maintaining their satisfaction with their choice.

Anjala Krishen earned her B.S. in Elec. Engg. in 1990. From 1990 to 2003, she worked in IT positions and completed her MBA. In 2003, she embarked on her M.S. and Ph.D. in Marketing at Virginia Tech. Paul M. Herr is professor and chair of the marketing division at the Leeds School of Business, University of Colorado, Boulder. Prof. Herr earned his AB in psychology from Oberlin College and his PhD in Social Psychology from Indiana University.