The field of biologically inspired computation has coexisted with mainstream computing since the 1930s, and the pioneers in this area include Warren McCulloch, Walter Pitts, Robert Rosen, Otto Schmitt, Alan Turing, John von Neumann and Norbert Wiener. Ideas arising out of studies of biology have permeated algorithmics, automata theory, artificial intelligence, graphics, information systems and software design. Within this context, the biomolecular, cellular and tissue levels of biological organisation have had a considerable inspirational impact on the development of computational ideas. Such innovations include neural computing, systolic arrays, genetic and immune algorithms, cellular automata, artificial tissues, DNA computing and protein memories. With the rapid growth in biological knowledge there remains a vast source of ideas yet to be tapped. This includes developments associated with biomolecular, genomic, enzymic, metabolic, signalling and developmental systems and the various impacts on distributed, adaptive, hybrid and emergent computation. This multidisciplinary book brings together a collection of chapters by biologists, computer scientists, engineers and mathematicians who were drawn together to examine the ways in which the interdisciplinary displacement of concepts and ideas could develop new insights into emerging computing paradigms. Funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), the CytoCom Network formally met on five occasions to examine and discuss common issues in biology and computing that could be exploited to develop emerging models of computation.

Ray Paton trained originally as a biologist and for the last 12 years has worked in Computer Science. He is currently a Senior Lecturer in Dept Computer Science, University of Liverpool. He was the director of the CytoCom project on which this book is based.

Hamid Bolouri, PhD Microelectronics , Brunel Univ. 1990 Currently Professor of Computational Biology, Inst. for Systems Biology , Seattle, WA98103

Mike Holcombe is a Professor of Computer Science, University of Sheffield.

Howard Parish is a Senior Lecturer in the Biochemistry.

Richard Tateson has worked on nature-inspired computation at BTexact since 1997, applying ideas from cell biology, developmental biology and evolution to problems in telecommunications. Prior to that he was at Cambridge University doing a BA in biochemistry and a PhD in developmental biology.

CytoComputational Systems ¿ Perspectives and Tools of Thought.- Cells in Telecommunications.- Symbiogenesis as a Machine Learning Mechanism.- An Overview of Artificial Immune Systems.- Embryonics and Immunotronics: Biologically Inspired Computer Science Systems.- Biomedical Applications of Micro and Nano Technologies.- Macromolecules, Genomes and Ourselves.- Models of Genetic Regulatory Networks.- A Model of Bacterial Adaptability Based on Multiple Scales of Interaction: COSMIC.- Stochastic Computations in Neurons and Neural Networks.- Spatial Patterning in Explicitly Cellular Environments: Activity-Regulated Juxtacrine Signalling.- Modelling the GH Release System.- Hierarchies of Machines.- Models of Recombination in Ciliates.- Developing Algebraic Models of Protein Signalling Agents.- Categorical Language and Hierarchical Models for Cell Systems.- Mathematical Systems Biology: Genomic Cybernetics.- What Kinds of Natural Processes can be Regarded as Computations?.- List of Contributors.