A taxonomy of metaheuristics for bi-level optimization.- A genetic algorithm for power system vulnerability analysis under multiple contingencies.- A bilevel particle swarm optimization algorithm for supply chain management problems.- CoBRA: A coevolutionary metaheuristic for bi-level optimization.- A matheuristic for leader-follower games involving facility location-protection-interdiction decisions.- A metaheuristic framework for bi-Level programming problems with multi-disciplinary applications.- Matheuristics and Exact Methods for the Discrete (r|p)-Centroid Problem.- Exact solution methodologies for linear and (mixed) integer bilevel programming.- Bilevel multi-Objective optimization and decision making.

This book provides a complete background on metaheuristics to solve complex bi-level optimization problems (continuous/discrete, mono-objective/multi-objective) in a diverse range of application domains.
Readers learn to solve large scale bi-level optimization problems by efficiently combining metaheuristics with complementary metaheuristics and mathematical programming approaches. Numerous real-world examples of problems demonstrate how metaheuristics are applied in such fields as networks, logistics and transportation, engineering design, finance and security.