There is little doubt that speaking in a foreign language is an anxiety provoking activity. A large number of foreign language learners have low levels of speaking self-efficacy. Finding ways of improving foreign language learners' self-efficacy has been a long concern of many teachers and educators. This book examines the potential effects of audio-journals on improving learners' speaking self-efficacy. It includes a theoretical review as well as an empirical investigation of the topic. This book can be useful for language learners and teachers as well as curriculum developers and materials designers.

Abbas Ali Zarei, an associate professor in TEFL at Imam Khomeini International University in Qazvin,Iran, has had 55 books and 97 papers published. He has also presented at 72 conferences across the world.Hamideh Shirmohammadi, an MA holder in TEFL from Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, teaches at various language institutes.