In German Religious Women in Late Ottoman Beirut. Competing Missions, Julia Hauser offers a critical analysis of the German Protestant Kaiserswerth deaconesses' establishment in late Ottoman Beirut as situated within the larger field of educational development in the city.

Julia Hauser, Dr. phil. (2015), is Assistant Professor of Global History at the University of Kassel. She has published several articles on mission in Ottoman Syria and co-edited, with Christine Lindner and Esther Möller, Entangled Education. Local and Foreign Schools in Ottoman Syria and Mandate Lebanon (Würzburg, 2014).